2004-2013年深圳中小企业工作场所三氯乙烯动态监测分析  

Dynamic monitoring of trichloroethylene in the workplaces of Shenzhen small and medium- sized enterprises in 2004-2013

作　　者：黄微微 江志荣 陈小波 林妹芳 朱岸平 

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区西乡卫生监督所(预防保健所),广东深圳518102

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2014年第6期658-661,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2010年深圳市科委立项科研项目(201003388);2009年深圳市宝安区科技计划资助项目(2009162)

摘　　要：目的了解近十年深圳市某街道企业工作场所空气中三氯乙烯的职业危害特点和控制情况变化趋势,为评估实施(basic occupational health service,BOHS)对中小企业工作场所三氯乙烯职业危害控制水平的影响提供实证依据。方法通过2004-2013年对深圳市宝安区某街道存在三氯乙烯职业危害的中小企业进行动态监测,获得企业工作场所空气中三氯乙烯浓度水平的有效数据,对十年监测数据进行统计分析。结果工作场所三氯乙烯监测超标企业主要行业分布:电子(65.7%)、塑胶五金(15.3%)、机械(9.5%)、表业(4.4%)等;超标点主要岗位分布:清洗清洁(75.3%)、印刷(10.4%)和包装检测(5.4%)等;监测企业合格率和监测点合格率:2004-2013年均逐年增加,监测企业合格率从2004年的35.0%增加到2013年的92.3%,监测点合格率从50.6%增加到96.1%。实施BOHS后(84.4%和90.8%)较实施BOHS前(52.2%和60.4%)有显著增加。结论近十年,深圳三氯乙烯职业病危害比较严重的企业主要是电子与五金类,应加强清洗位、表面清洁位等相关工作岗位的监督监测及健康监护;实施BOHS对中小企业工作场所三氯乙烯职业危害控制水平有明显提高。Objective To investigate the occupational hazards characteristics of trichloroethylene and the changing tendency of its control situation in the workplaces of small and medium- sized enterprises in a street of Shenzhen in recent ten years, and to provide empirical evidence for the evaluation on the effect of implementing basic occupational health service （BOHS） on control of occupational hazards of trichloroethylene in the workplaces of small and medium - sized enterprises in Shenzhen. Methods Through the dynamic monitoring of occupational hazards of trichloroethylene in the small and medium - sized enterprises of a street in Baoan District, Shenzhen City from 2004 to 2013, we obtained the valid data on the concentration of trichloroethylene in the workplaces of the enterprises for statistical analysis. Results The monitoring results showed that the enterprises with tri- chloroethylene exposure exceeding the standard were mainly distributed in electronic industry （65.7%）, plastic and hardware in- dustry （15.3 % ）, mechanical industry （9.5 % ）, watch industry （4.4%）, etc. The posts with trichloroethylene exposure ex- ceeding the standard were mainly distributed in the cleaning （75.3 % ）, printing （ 10.4 % ） and package inspection （5.4 % ）. The qualified rates of the monitored enterprises and the monitored posts were gradually increased during 2004 - 2013. The qualified rate of the monitored enterprises was increased from 35% in 2004 to 92.3% in 2013, and the qualified rate of the monitored tx）sts was increased from 50.6 % to 96.1%. The qualified rates were both significantly increased after implementing BOHS （ 84.4 % and 90.8 % ） compared with those before BOILS implementation （52.2 % and 60.4 % ）. Conclusions In recent ten years, the enterprises with serious occupational hazards of trichloroethylene in Shenzhen are mainly distributed in electronic indus- try and hardware industry. It is necessary to intensify the supervision and monitoring of cleaning post, surface cleani

关 键 词：三氯乙烯 职业危害 动态监测 中小企业 基本职业卫生服务(BOHS) 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]