无人机航测技术在山洪灾害调查评价中的应用  

Application of the UAV aerial technique in evaluation of flash flood disasters

作　　者：刘昌军[1] 郭良[1] 岳冲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)地测学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2014年第3期3-7,35,共6页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家国际科技合作计划资助(2010DFA74520);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAB42B05;2008BAB42B06)

摘　　要：利用无人机航测技术获取影像分辨率高、机动灵活、不受天气和复杂地形影响的技术特点,提出将无人机低空航测技术应用于获取复杂山丘区小流域基础地理信息资料。以陕西商洛某小流域调查评价应用为例,系统地介绍了应用无人机航测技术获取调查评价所需的高清晰航片、高精度DEM、河道断面、居民沿高程展布以及地表植被和土地利用分类信息的流程与方法,提出了各个环节关键技术的解决方案,编制了基于无人机航测技术的数据处理软件。应用案例表明,该方法可以快速获取山丘区小流域内的高清晰航片,数据处理速度快,精度高,能够满足山洪灾害调查评价工作要求,获取的数据可大大提高洪水预报的精度。该技术在即将开展的全国山洪灾害调查评价工作中将发挥巨大作用,具有较大的应用前景。Taking advantage of the UAV aerial technology’s characteristics of high resolution images, flexibility, and suitable for wide weather and topographic conditions , low-altitude UAV aerial system is built for obtaining basic geographic information data in smal watersheds of complicate hil y terrain. Taking a smal watershed in Shangluo of Shanxi province as an example, the procedures and methods of using UVA aerial techniques are systematical y introduced to obtain high-resolution aerial photos, high-precision DEM, river cross-sections, residential housing distribution along hil sides, as wel as the ground vegetation and land use classification. The solutions of the key technology issues in al aspects are proposed, data processing software is developed based on UAV aerial technology. The case study show that the system can be used to quickly obtain high-resolution aerial photographs in smal watershed of hil y region to meet the data requirements of rapid processing and high precision for investigation and evaluation of flash flood disasters, as wel as enhance the precision of flood forecasting. UAV aerial technology wil play an important role in the upcoming investigation and evaluation of the flash flood disasters nationwide.

关 键 词：无人机航测系统 山洪灾害 调查评价 正射影像 DEM数据 河道断面 

分 类 号：P231[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] TV87[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]