高精度相对论验证的现状与趋势——太阳系实验  

The Status and Trends of Testing Relativity in Highly Accurate Level: Tests in the Solar System

作　　者：邓雪梅[1] 谢懿[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210008 [2]南京大学天文与空间科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《天文学进展》2014年第2期227-245,共19页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11103085;11103010);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20131461;BK2011553);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(新教师类)(20110091120003)

摘　　要：回顾并展望了广义相对论理论及其实验检验的发展状况和趋势,包括广义相对论高精度实验检验的主要研究内容和研究方向,与之相关的深空探测项目的规划和进展。鉴于广义相对论的实验检验内涵极其丰富,限于篇幅重点介绍了有关的太阳系实验。首先介绍爱因斯坦等效原理及其实验检验;该原理是广义相对论的基石,内容包含了弱等效原理、局部洛伦兹不变性以及局部位置不变性。接着介绍相对论性引力理论的实验检验,主要涉及对参数化后牛顿参数的测定。最后,针对我国未来有望实施的深空探测任务,就其在广义相对论实验检验中可开展的自主研究与实践给出建议。With the development of the unprecedented techniques for observations and the improvement of the advanced methods for measurements, general relativity has passed all of the tests in the solar system with flying colors, which included Einstein equivalence principle,the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay and the perihelion advance of Mercury. Even the gravitational wave predicted by the general relativity has been detected by using the timing model of binary pulsar systems indirectly. However, there are many important reasons to question the validity of general relativity and to determine where it will be violated. Thus,high-precision experiments in the solar system offer some new opportunities for probing gravitation in the spacetime. In this paper, the development status and trends of general relativity and its experimental tests are reviewed and outlooked, which include the mainresearch content on highly accurate experimental tests of general relativity and some plan and progress in deep space missions for testing it. First of all, Einstein equivalence principle and its tests is presented. This principle is the cornerstone of the general relativity and it contains three parts： the weak equivalence principle, the local Lorentz invariance and the local position invariance. Second, experimental tests of relativistic gravitation＇s theories are discussed, which are mainly focused on measuring the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters. Focusing on Chinese deep space missions in the future, we give some advices on their application to gravitational tests.

关 键 词：引力 相对论 深空探测 太阳系 

分 类 号：P142[天文地球—天体物理]