富烃凹陷特征及其形成研究现状与问题  

The advances and problems in the study of the characteristics and formation of hydrocarbon-rich sag

作　　者：刘池洋[1] 赵俊峰[1] 马艳萍[2] 王建强[1] 熊林芳[1] 陈建军[2] 毛光周[3] 张东东[1] 邓煜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,陕西西安710065 [3]山东科技大学山东省沉积成矿作用与沉积矿产重点实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《地学前缘》2014年第1期75-88,共14页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41330315);国家科技油气重大专项项目(2011ZX05023-001-002);西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室科学技术部专项

摘　　要：国内外油气勘探现状和研究表明,不仅全球不同油气域或同一油气域不同盆地油气资源贫富悬殊,就是在同一含油气盆地,油气也主要来自盆内少数几个资源极为丰富的沉积凹陷,称之为富烃凹陷。对陆相盆地而言,富烃凹陷的有无和特征,决定盆地油气资源的贫富和规模,同时明显控制或影响着大中型油气田(藏)的形成和相对集中分布。富烃凹陷控制油气生成和分布的认识,是对之前沉积盆地和烃源岩控制油气理论的延展和深化,集"盆控论"宏观评价预测的整体性和"源控论"局域评价的缘源性之长于一体,强调在盆地诸多凹陷中识别和遴选富烃凹陷,是油气勘探和评价预测重要而核心的内容。关于富烃凹陷,无论是科学前沿探索和基础理论研究,还是油气勘探和资源评价,都需回答其形成的主要地学条件和动力学环境及主控因素。本文综述了以下诸相关方面的研究现状:(1)水体中有机质的高产出;(2)沉积时丰富有机质的保存埋藏;(3)优质烃源岩的特征;(4)沉降与充填关系、地热场与热演化、湖盆咸化、全球或大区域气候变化与海平面升降、地质事件与构造变动及区域大地构造环境等在富烃凹陷和其中优质烃源岩形成中的作用。目前对富烃凹陷形成条件和环境及其主控因素研究中存在的薄弱环节和尚待深化的问题主要有:(1)在研究的内容和主次方面,总体仍是围绕优质烃源岩特征及发育的研究居多,关注富烃凹陷特征及形成的讨论明显要少;(2)在探究思路和形式上,"由此及彼"较多,"由表及里"或"由果索因"尚少;(3)在研究地区和类型上,以我国东部,特别是近海断陷型富烃凹陷为主,对陆相坳陷型富烃凹陷的研究甚少;(4)微生物对优质烃源岩形成的贡献尚需加强;(5)对无机元素参与和其作用重视不够;(6)对深部作用和过程研究薄弱;(7)研究结果受研究对象表观特征和地区局According to present hydrocarbon exploration situation and survey at home and abroad, it is showed that the heterogeneity of hydrocarbon distribution not only occurred among different basins, but also appeared just in the same basin. Oil and gas mainly originated from a few petroliferous sags within the same basin, which is called hydrocarbon-rich sag. As to continental basins, the existence and the characteristics of hydrocarbon-rich sag control the quantity and size of petroleum resource in the basin, meanwhile significantly control and influence the formation and relatively concentrated distribution of large-medium scale oil and gas fields（reservoirs）. The theory that hydrocarbon-rich sag controls the formation and distribution of oil and gas extends and deepens the previous theory that sedimentary basin and hydrocarbon source rocks control petroleum resources, which combined the integrity of macroscopic evaluation and prediction in the ＂Basin Control Theory＂ and the source relevance of localized evaluation in the ＂Source Control Theory＂. The theory of hydrocarbon-rich sag emphasizes that the identification and selection of hydrocarbon-rich sag in basins are the important and core content of petroleum exploration, evaluation and prediction. For hydrocarbon-rich sag, whether purposes of the frontiers of science exploration, basic theory research, oil and gas exploration or resource evaluation, it is all required to know the major geological conditions, dynamic environment and main controlling factors. This paper summarizes current research advances of hydrocarbon-rich sag in aspects as follows： （1） high production of organic matter in water body, （2） preservation and burial of abundant depositing organic matter, （3） characteristics of high quality source rocks, and （4） geological processes and effects on the formation of hydrocarbon-rich sag and high quality source rocks, including relationships between deposition and filling, geothermal field and thermal evolution, salinization of

关 键 词：富烃凹陷 矿产分布的偏富极 形成条件 动力学环境 陆相含油气盆地 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]