海洋元叙事:海权对海洋法律秩序的塑造  

Meta-Narratives on the Sea:The Influence of Sea Power upon the Formation of the Maritime Legal Order

作　　者：牟文富[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2014年第7期63-85,157-158,共23页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目"中美新型大国关系中的海洋法律秩序:利益协调与合作"(项目编号:14XGJ014);四川省社会科学院青年成长项目"专属经济区内的航行自由和军事活动之间的关系"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中国的崛起催生了选择成为陆权国家还是海权国家的辩论,中国政府的政策是建设"海洋强国",但无论是以"海洋强国"还是"海权"名之,都应该避免太过于强调力量因素而忽视其他关键问题。作者在"海洋叙事"这个方向上来考察海权,即关于海洋秩序的叙事,它实际上具有元叙事的功能——合法化功能。对历史中若干海洋国家实践的考察表明,塑造海洋秩序、维护其海洋利益的海洋叙事是海权的关键特征,海洋叙事能力与海上力量也成正相关关系。当今海洋法律秩序是历史上关于海洋空间、资源、战场这些叙事的影响下形成的,海洋大国的海洋叙事能力一直是影响海洋事务的一个持久性因素。海洋叙事能力对中国建设海洋强国的价值在于,塑造海洋秩序的意志、能力、手段是海洋大国赖以生存的关键。对中国的海权理想而言,实际的情况可能是建设海军力量相对容易,而提出一种关于海洋秩序的元叙事反而更难。While China's rise promotes some academic debate on China's strategic alternative to be either a land power or a sea power,the Chinese government's official policy orients toward 'building a maritime power'.Each alternative,either being academic or policy choice in nature,with maritime power or sea power as its name,however,is an application of historical experiences in contemporary situation.What should be avoided is the misuse of that kind of experiences,for example,overemphasizing the aspect of navy force of sea power but neglecting other key issues.The purpose of this article is to understand and interpret sea power in the direction of maritime narratives,one concerning maritime order in nature,one about the constitution of power and right relations at sea.Being a fundamental aspect of sea power,maritime narratives have been functioning as meta-narrative.Studies on state practice show that what distinguishes sea power from others is that the former has advocated sets of discourses on maritime narratives about making and maintaining of the order of the sea.The conflicts between/among sea powers have usually been accompanied by conflicts between/among different maritime narratives on the one hand,and there is a positive relation,on the other,between the capacity for formulating maritime narratives and navy forces of sea power.The contemporary legal order of the sea has throughout history been molded under the long impact of narratives on dominion of maritime space,resources and the sea as battle fields.An everlasting element in maritime issues is the capacity of sea powers for making maritime narratives,which brings valuable reflections to China's policy alternative.Thus,the will of,the capacity for and the method employed in advocating maritime narratives are vital to the survival of sea powers.What is intrinsic to sea power is its sense of maritime existence and a maritime perspective,both of which definitely decide the capacity for maritime narratives and what the narratives are going to be.

关 键 词：海洋叙事 海洋强国 海权 海洋法律秩序 中国复兴 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]