文化实践中非物质文化遗产的真实性:径山茶宴的再发明  

Intangible Heritage's Authenticity in Cultural Practices:Reproduced Jingshanchayan

作　　者：周永广[1] 粟丽娟 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2014年第7期23-30,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金<基于"内生式发展"路径的古村落文化旅游发展模式研究>(12BJY126);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划第七期(2012)(3314)资助~~

摘　　要：文章通过对一名茶僧参与策划径山茶宴全过程的民族志研究,采用参与观察和深入访谈的研究方法,讨论和反思旅游文化背景下非物质文化遗产的再发明问题。文章从旅游文化和"真实性"的概念出发,讨论旅游研究领域对"光环"研究的缺失,提出关注文化实践中对光环的利用存在的问题,进一步探讨径山茶宴再发明过程中"谁需要真实性以及为什么"以及"如何使用真实性"两个核心问题,以期补充现有真实性讨论的局限性。笔者认为,遗产旅游文化是文化市场化的结果,具备其真实性,而遗产的光环促进着地方文化品牌的推广,径山茶宴在旅游发展背景下的遗产化过程呼吁我们反思非物质文化遗产认证存在的批量化、标准化以及文化多元性等问题。Based on the daily life of a Tea-monk this ethnographic research investigates the cultural aspects of the Zen tea performances known as ＇Jingshanchayan＇ from the perspective of tourism culture.The paper explores the meaning of tourism culture linking it to heritage, and investigates the authenticity of intangible heritage as tourism develops in China. The paper first reviews critical theorist Walter Benjamin＇s concept of ＇authenticity＇ （the uniquenessnauthenticitymof the original object will disappear if it is reproduced, and it thus loses its authority） and notes the neglected term ＇aura＇ （the force arising from the effect of an object being uniquely present in time and space）. Both authenticity and aura arise from and are embedded in ritual and tradition; however, aura does not receive the same level of attention as authenticity. The paper analyzes the concept of aura and investigates its absence in academic and practical fields. The study of aura addresses two crucial questions relating to ＇who needs authenticity and why＇ and ＇how has authenticity been used＇. This is in contrast to the deeply researched question of ＇what is authenticity＇. The paper helps to transcend the limitation set by the current discussions on authenticity. Jingshanchayan, one of China＇ s national intangible heritage projects, has attracted many tourists from across the globe, particularly from Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Based on observations made and interviews undertaken during two field research periods, the paper studies the process of authenticity changes in bidding for national intangible heritage designationand the aura of national heritage brands with the development of tourism. During the 4 month pilot study （April-July 2012） semi-structured interviews were conducted after a close relationship was established between the monks of Jingshan temple and the author. The study focused on the process of reproducing Jingshanchayan and Mingxing＇ s daily life related to Zen tea ceremony.

关 键 词：非物质文化遗产 径山茶宴 旅游文化 真实性 光环 再发明 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] TS971[经济管理—产业经济]