张家山汉墓竹简用字习惯考察  

The Usage of Characters in Bamboo Slips in Han Tombs in Zhangjiashan

作　　者：周朋升[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]大庆师范学院文学院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《语言科学》2014年第3期317-325,共9页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：文章从字与词的对应关系、词与字的对应关系、字与词的双向对应关系三个方面考察了张家山汉墓竹简文字资料的用字习惯,指出其用字总体上比较规范,且同传世文献的用字习惯有较强的一致性,体现了张家山汉简用字业已比较成熟和稳定;同时也指出其用字也有一些不规范的现象,如假借字使用较多、假借字与本字混用、不同词之间形体互用等,体现了张家山汉简用字仍有不成熟、不稳定的一面。张家山汉简用字所表现的习惯,跟同时代其他文献总体上也是一致的,说明张家山汉简所反映的可能是西汉初期共同语的用字习惯,而不是某一地域或某一方言的用字习惯。This paper studies the character usage in the text of bamboo slips of the Han tombs in Zhangjiashanin in three dimensions, i.e. the character-word correspondence, word-character corre- spondence and the two-way correspondence between character and words. This paper demonstrates that the usage of characters in the text is generally standard, and the usage of characters is consistent with that of the handed-down ancient classics, which reflects the mature and stable usage of characters in the bamboo slips in Zhangjiashan during the Han Dynasty. This paper also points out some non- standard usage of characters, such as the overuse of phonetic loan characters, mixing up the phonetic loan characters and the original form of a character, interchangeable use among different character forms, etc, which reflects the immature and unstable aspects of character use in these bamboo slips. The character usage is on the whole consistent with that of other literature of the same period, which implies that the character usage of these bamboo slips reflects that of the common language in the early Western Han Dynasty, rather than that of a regional variant or a dialect of the same period.

关 键 词：张家山汉简 用字习惯 字与词的对应关系 词与字的对应关系 字与词的双向对应关系 

分 类 号：H121[语言文字—汉语] K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]