海岸沙丘植物群落分布、适应性和演替研究进展  

Advance in Distribution,Adaptability and Succession of Plant Communities in Coastal Dune

作　　者：赵艳云[1,2] 陆兆华[1,2] 刘京涛[2] 夏江宝[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院恢复生态研究所,北京100083 [2]滨州学院、山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《湿地科学》2014年第3期401-408,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B01-05);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2010BAC68B01);国家自然科学基金项目(41201023和31100468);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2013CL001);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J13LE57)资助

摘　　要：海岸沙丘植物分布在海陆交错带,在岸线防护和维持沙丘的稳定性方面发挥了重要的水文、生态、美学和社会经济服务功能。在生境条件日益恶劣和人类活动干扰日趋频繁的情况下,海岸沙丘植物处在破坏压力大增、恢复困难的境地。掌握海岸沙丘植物群落的分布格局、适应机理和恢复机制,是开展生态系统保护和恢复工作的基础和关键。综述研究表明,海岸沙丘的气候特征是影响植物群落空间分布和演替的第一要素;沙质土壤粒径较粗,通透性较大,水分和养分持蓄能力较弱,白天受热快、日灼、水分蒸发强烈和夜间降温迅速等土壤环境特点,是决定沙质海岸植物存活的另一因素;海陆交接的特殊环境和沙丘发育过程,导致沙丘形状、面积、高度、起伏特性、移动特点、海岸地理位置和陆源生物流等的生境片段化,是限制沙丘基因物种流的重要因子;此外,经济浪潮推动下的人类活动更是深深影响着海陆间的物质与能量流动,改变着海岸沙丘的原有生境、植被格局和演替模式。海岸沙丘天然植物种类相对匮乏,种群单一,优势种明显,层次结构简单,外貌季相变化明显,微生境差异导致植物群落斑块化突出。大多数海岸沙丘植被系统中,优势植物是一年生到多年生的草本植物,但在热带海岸也有小范围的雨林植物分布。不同海岸生境中,沙丘植物衍生了相应的行为、生理生态适应机制。该地区不同植物群落受干扰的方式、强度、频率会影响演替的进程、速度以及方向,且逆向演替易于发生,并恢复困难。在全球气候变暖导致海平面上升,沙丘植物的重要性日益引起关注的前提下,海岸沙丘植被格局及与环境因素关系、各演替阶段植物群落更替的驱动力分析、植物适应机理探讨、适生物种的筛选和恢复效果等的研究对于深入开展沙丘植物的保护和恢复工作,维持沙�Vegetation in coastal dune is the special plant functional groups distributed in the marine-terrestrial interlaced zone, which plays important hydrological, ecological, aesthetic and socio-economic service in the stability of the shoreline protection and dunes maintaining. However, severe habitat conditions and increasingly frequent human activities lead to enormous pressure to restoration. It is found that the climate of coastal dunes is the first factor for spatial distribution and succession of plant communities; coarse sandy matrix soil particle, weak soil holding capacity of water and nutrient, fast heating up, intense sunburn and evaporation during the day as well as quickly cooling during the night, are another decision factor for sandy coastal plants survive. The dune shape, size, height, undulating and mobile features as well as coast location and land-based sources are important factors for gene species flow. Human activities under the economic tide more deeply impact the exchange of material and energy between the land and sea, and change the original habitat, plant community pattern and succession mode of coastal dunes. Thus, there are relative lack of species, with single, significantly hierarchy simple appearance and significant seasonal changes population. In most vegetation systems in the coastal dune, the dominant plants are annual herbs, but small-scale distribution of rainforest plants in the tropical coast. The plants in the dune have evolved particular behavior, physiological and ecological adaptive mechanisms in different coastal habitats. The interference manner, intensity, frequency would affect the succession process, speed, and direction, what＇ s more, the reverse succession prone quickly and it is difficult to restore in the coastal dune. It will be important scientific value and practical significance of research about driving force analysis of each succession stages of plant communities, adaptation mechanisms of plants as well as appropriate plants species screening and recovery eff

关 键 词：海岸沙丘 植被格局 恢复机制 驱动力 演替 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]