柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特征  

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF PILLARED CLAY MINERAL MATERIALS

作　　者：陆琦[1] 雷新荣[1] 汤中道[1] 刘惠芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《地质科技情报》2001年第1期91-99,共9页Geological Science and Technology Information

基　　金：地质行业科学技术发展基金资助项目! ( 95 96 2 0 )

摘　　要：以铝基柱撑粘土矿物和钛基柱撑粘土矿物为例 ,讨论了柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特点。Al多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为 1∶ 12 Keggin型离子 ,Ti多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为 2∶ 18Dawson型离子 ,两类笼状阳离子的直径均在 1nm左右 ,前者的高度约为 0 .9nm,后者的高度约为 1.4nm。经与粘土矿物层间阳离子交换后 ,择位固定在粘土矿物层间。由于多核笼状阳离子与粘土矿物硅氧四面体层之间形成了较强的化学键 ,其具有不可交换性。铝基柱撑粘土和钛基柱撑粘土的层间孔道分别为 1.2 nm× 1.2 nm× 1.2 nm和 0 .5 2 nm× 0 .5 2 nm× 1.6 0 nm。柱撑粘土矿物材料有很好的化学稳定性和耐热性 ,且又具有一定的层间化学活性 ,可用于催化剂载体 ,由于它又具有选择性吸附能力 。Taking the Al-pillared and Ti-pillared clay minerals as examples, the crystal structure and crystal chemistry of pillared clay mineral materials are discussed in this article. Al-polymeric cations have a structure of 1:12 Keggin type, and Ti-polymeric cations of 2:18 Dawson type. Both of them are about 1.0 nm in diameter, but the former is about 0.9 nm in height, the latter about 1.4 nm. By exchanging the cations in the interlayer of the clay minerals, they can be fixed in the interlayer region. The stronger chemical bonds are formed between the polymeric cations and the silicon-oxygen tetrahedral sheet of the clay minerals, so the polymeric cations are non-exchangeable. The porosities in the interlayer region of the Al-pillared and Ti-pillared clay minerals are 1.2 nm × 1.2 nm × 1.2 nm and 0.52 nm × 0.52 nm × 1.6 nm, alternatively. Pillared clay mineral materials possess higher chemical and thermal stability, and also they are chemically active in the interlayer region, so they can be used as the catalytic media. As they have selectively-absorbing property, they may be a new type environment protection material.

关 键 词：柱撑粘土矿物材料 Keggin型离子 Dawson型离子 晶体结构 晶体化学 

分 类 号：P578.94[天文地球—矿物学] O76[天文地球—地质学]