切缝药包预裂爆破减振技术试验研究  

Tests for blasting vibration reduction technique with presplitting blasting of a slotted cartridge

作　　者：杨仁树[1,2] 车玉龙[1] 冯栋凯 王强勋 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院,北京100083 [2]深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2014年第12期7-14,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51134025);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51274203;51374212)

摘　　要：针对城市地铁区间隧道施工掏槽眼爆破所致振速大之问题,通过在掏槽眼上方600 mm处横向布置5-7个预裂孔,采用不同药包进行预裂爆破形成裂缝及裂隙区,减少、阻碍掏槽眼爆破所致振动波向上传播,从而减小预裂孔本身爆破所致振速,使振速降低。研究结果表明,采用预裂爆破,拱顶上方质点Z向振速最大,侧向质点Y向振速最大;较在循环进尺、总装药量及炮眼数目基本不变情况下,采用5孔切缝药包预裂爆破降振效果最明显;侧向采用5孔普通药包预裂爆破降振效果最明显;切缝药包预裂爆破时随预裂孔总装药量的增加,拱顶及侧向爆破振动增强。施工中应综合考虑现场实际情况,选择合理的减振措施,实现安全高效施工。Generally,blasting vibration velocity of cut holes is large in blasting construction of metro running tunnels.In order to reduce the blasting vibration velocity,through horizontally arranging 5 to 7 presplitting holes upper cut holes of 600mm,the cracks and fracture zones induced by presplitting holes blasting with different charges could reduce and prevent shock waves of cut holes blasting from spreading upward,and the blasting vibration velocity induced by presplitting holes was also small,finally the overall blasting vibration velocity was reduced successfully.The study results showed that when adopting presplitting blasting,the largest particle vibration velocity on a vault is in Z direction and the largest particle vibration velocity on lateral is in Y direction; compared with the original scheme,in cases of equal circulating footages,total charges and total hole numbers,for a vault,the effect of vibration reduction with presplitting blasting of a slotted cartridge of five holes is the most obvious,but,for lateral,the effect of vibration reduction with presplitting blasting of a common cartridge of 5 holes is the best choice ; when adopting a slotted cartridge for presplitting blasting,the blasting vibration on the vault and lateral increases with increase in total charges of presplitting holes; the actual situation on a site should be considered comprehensively,adopting reasonable vibration reduction measures can ensure the construction safety and efficiency.

关 键 词：切缝药包 应力波 预裂爆破 爆破振速 

分 类 号：U455[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]