滨海盐碱地免耕条件下覆盖方式对棉苗光合特性及生长的影响  

Effects of different surface mulching patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of cotton seedlings in Hebei coastal saline-alkali regions under no-tillage

作　　者：冯国艺[1] 张谦[1] 祁虹[1] 王树林[1] 李智峰[1] 王志忠[1] 林永增[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2014年第3期13-18,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：农业科技创新人才队伍建设(2013055004);河北省现代农业产业体系棉花创新团队建设;国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD05B05)

摘　　要：为探索滨海重度盐碱地覆盖方式对免耕条件下棉田耕层土壤的水盐运移特征及其对棉花苗期光合特性及生长影响效应,本试验设置地膜覆盖（M）、秸秆覆盖（JG）以及地膜和秸秆复合覆盖（M＋JG）3个处理,以裸地（LD）为对照,测定了棉花苗期叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD）、光合特性以及干物质积累和分配,并对苗期0～40cm土壤含盐量和含水率以及0～20cm土壤温度进行分层测定。结果表明：不同地表覆盖方式下均表现为,0～40cm土层含盐量下降,含水量增加;LAI和SPAD明显增加;气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数得到明显改善;根、茎、叶和植株总干物质明显增加。其中地膜与秸秆复合覆盖方式最为显著,该处理下土壤各层次含盐量降低47.7%～53.1%,含水率增大29.6%～49.6%,叶面积指数和叶绿素含量分别增加105.7%和23.6%;叶片气体交换参数增加35.9%～233.1%,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、ΦPSII、ETR、qP等参数提高22.6%～55.9%;叶片NPQ降低14.8%。根、茎、叶等器官及总干物质重提高65.7～130.2%。由此可见,免耕条件下地膜与秸秆复合覆盖方式显著影响滨海盐碱地下0～40cm土层土壤水盐运移,从而提高棉苗光合特性,促进棉花的生长发育。To explore the effects of the surface mulching pattern on soil water and salt transport and the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of cotton seedlings,compared with bare land,three treatments,i.e.plastic film mulching,straw mulching and the mulch and straw composite mulching,were arranged in the saline-alkali soil of Hebei coastal regions under notillage.Leaf area index（LAI）,chlorophyll relative content（SPAD）,photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of cotton leaves were measured in seedling stage,and salt content and moisture content of 0-40cm depth soil and the temperature of 0-20cm depth soil at the stage were also measured hierarchically.Compared with bare land（LD）,the results demonstrated that the salt content was decreased and the moisture content was increased in the soil layer from 0 to 40cm,LAIand SPAD were found increased,gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were improved,the dry weight of root,stem,leaf and the whole plant were significantly increased under the three surface mulching patterns.Among them,the improvement extent of those parameters in the mulch and straw composite mulching pattern were the highest among the three surface mulching patterns.The salt content of different soil layers was decreased by from 47.7% to 53.1% and the moisture content was increased by from 29.6% to 49.6%,the LAI and SPAD of leaf were increased by 105.7% and 23.6%respectively,the gas exchange parameters of leaf were increased by from 35.9% to 233.1%,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaf,i.e.Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,ΦPSII,ETR,qPwere increased by from 22.6% to 55.9%,NPQwas reduced by 14.8% under the mulch and straw composite mulching pattern.The dry weights of root,stem,leaf and the whole plant were significantly increased by from 65.7% to 130.2% under this pattern.The improvement of soil water and salt transport was more effective under the mulch and straw composite mulching pattern,and this mulching pattern was more beneficial to the photo

关 键 词：棉花 滨海盐碱地 光合特性 覆盖方式 保护性耕作 

分 类 号：S562.316[农业科学—作物学]