近五十年我国洪涝灾害的时空分布变化及与人类健康的关系  

Temporal and spatial distribution of floods and its relationship with human health in the last 50 years in China

作　　者：李宜霏 倪伟[1] 丁国永[2] 高璐[1] 姜宝法[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学研究所,济南山东250012 [2]泰山医学院公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学教研室

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第4期367-371,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划(2012CB955502)

摘　　要：洪涝是一种危害较大的自然灾害,不仅对受灾群众的人身安全和物质财产造成威胁,而且对健康也造成了严重的危害。该文综述了近50年洪涝灾害的时空分布变化特征及与人类健康的关系,发现洪涝发生的年际变化和季节变化存在周期规律,且由于全球变暖的影响,地区分布也发生了改变。在对健康的影响方面,洪涝除使传染性疾病和心理疾病的发病率升高外,对慢性病也有影响。传染病的爆发性增长主要与当地的卫生条件有关,而慢性疾病和心理疾病增多主要与社会支持有关。为降低洪涝带来的损失,在洪涝易发地区建立早期预警系统,加强防洪减灾体系建设和基础卫生体系建设,灾后对暴露人群进行积极的心理疏导具有十分重要的意义。Flood is one of the most fatal natural disasters,which not only threats human life and the properties,but also damages human health. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution trace of the flood disasters in China are reviewed,as well as their corresponding impact to human health in the last 50 years. The cycle periods in the seasons and years, and the changes of flood location due to the global warming are found. In the aspect of human health,the flood will increase the possibility of infectious diseases and psychological diseases,as well as chronic diseases. The infectious diseases mainly correspond to the local health system,while the psychological diseases and chronic diseases are related to the social support.To minimize the loss caused by the flood,it is very important to develop the early-stage warning system,further advance the flood protection and health system,and give people psychological counseling promptly after the disasters.

关 键 词：气候变暖 洪涝 时空分布 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]