稻草覆盖和草篱对红壤缓坡旱地水土流失及作物产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Vetiver Hedge on Runoff,Soil Erosion and Crop Yield on Red Soil Sloping Land

作　　者：范洪杰[1] 黄欠如 秦江涛[3] 章新亮 刘满强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室,南京210095 [2]江西红壤研究所,江西南昌331717 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2014年第3期550-554,共5页Soils

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2009BADC6B01;2011BAD31B04)资助

摘　　要：以红壤缓坡旱地为对象，研究稻草覆盖和香根草篱对水土流失及花生产量的影响。2011—2012两年的研究结果表明，不同处理产生的径流量大小排序为：对照〉稻草覆盖、草篱〉草篱＋稻草覆盖。水土保持效果最好的是草篱＋稻草覆盖处理，与对照相比，径流量显著减少了47．1％～79．8％（P〈0．05），土壤侵蚀量显著减少了79．2％～99．5％P〈0．05）。2011—2012年作物产量最高的分别是稻草覆盖和草篱＋稻草覆盖处理，与对照相比，这两种处理可分别增产26．6％～50．9％、15．5％～37．7％P〈0．05）。因此稻草覆盖、草篱＋稻草覆盖结合是红壤缓坡旱地水土保持的有效措施。In this paper, the effects of biological engineering measures such as straw mulching and vetiver hedge on runoff, soil erosion and crop yield were studied. The results showed that runoff in the years 2011-2012 were followed by order of control 〉 straw mulching, vetiver hedge 〉 straw mulching ＋ vetiver hedge. Among all the treatments, as compared with the control treatment, vetiver hedge ＋ straw mulching showed the highest capability in reducing runoff by 47.1%-79.8% （P 〈 0.05）. The minimum amount of soil erosion was observed in the vetiver hedge ＋ straw mulching, which reduced 79.2%-99.5% of erosion of the control （P 〈 0.05）. The maximum crop （hypogaea） yield was from straw mulching and vetiver hedge ＋ straw mulching in 2011 and 2012. Compared with the control, these two kinds of treatment could increase 26.6%-50.9%, 15.5%-37.7% （P 〈 0.05）. We concluded that the straw mulching or combining with vetiver hedge are the optimal practices for promoting both soil and water conservation, and crop yield on the red soil sloping land.

关 键 词：稻草覆盖 香根草篱 径流量 泥沙量 产量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]