基于物质平衡原理的贝类循环水养殖系统的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of mass balance-based recirculating aquaculture system for rainbow mussel(Villosa iris)

作　　者：黄志涛[1] 董登攀[1] 宋协法[1] 万荣[1] 华丹[2] Eric Hallerman 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院海洋渔业系,青岛266003 [2]弗吉尼亚理工大学渔业和野生动物保护系,弗吉尼亚24060

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第12期208-215,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD13B04);美国"Restoration of Freshwater Mussel Populations in the Upper Clinch River Watershed";山东省博士后创新项目专项资金(201302025);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(201413062)

摘　　要：为恢复和保护濒危淡水贝类资源,该文根据物质平衡原理,以具有代表性的淡水彩虹贝类为研究对象,设计并构建了一套小型的室内淡水彩虹贝循环水养殖系统,该系统由养殖池、生物过滤器、蓄水池、循环水泵、充氧系统和自动投饵装置等环节组成。并在该循环水系统中对钩介幼虫2日龄的彩虹贝幼贝进行了为期60 d的养殖(2011年6月21日到2011年8月20日),整个养殖周期内,彩虹贝幼贝养殖系统环境稳定,水质稳定良好,彩虹贝幼贝壳长日增长量为15.2μm/d,彩虹贝幼贝的最大相对增长率发生在第40天到第50天,其相对生长率为32.4%,和之前池塘流水、跑道式等养殖模式相比,该循环水系统养殖的彩虹贝幼贝获得了更高的生长率。该研究可为淡水贝类的人工繁育和养殖提供参考。North America contains the greatest diversity of freshwater mussels in the world, nearly 300 species. However, bivalve mollusks of the superfamily Unionacea are the most imperiled group of animals in the United States, with 213 species （72%） listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Already, nearly 35 of these species are considered extinct, representing 12%of the North American mussel fauna disappearing in the last 100 years;a rate of extinction comparable to estimated faunal losses in tropical rainforests. The reasons of population decline are due to habitat loss and destruction such as impoundment, sedimentation, water pollution, dredging, and other anthropogenic factors that affect the natural structure and function of free-flowing rivers. With the decline of native North American freshwater mussels, the United States has brought the need for facilities in which endangered mussels can be held for purposes of relocation, research, and propagation. Some approaches to the culture of freshwater mussels to improve growth and survival of juveniles and adults included rearing them in cages, ponds, raceways, and tanks in the United States. Recirculating aquaculture systems was thought to be sustainable and was widely used to culture the fish and recently, to rear freshwater mussels. To develop a suitable system for rearing freshwater juvenile mussels, a water-recirculating aquaculture system was designed based on the mass balance at Virginia Tech’s Laboratory for Conservation Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecology located on the main campus in Blacksburg. The water-recirculating aquaculture system included a plastic rectangle trough tank （300 cm × 70 cm × 30 cm） that was utilized as the container for substrate and cultured mussels, submerged biofilter, sump, magnetic pump, air delivery system, and automatic micro-algae drip feeder. The recirculating aquaculture system was evaluated as a culture environment for juvenile rainbow mussels. Two-day-old juvenile rainbow mussels were reared in the system

关 键 词：养殖 水处理 设计 物质平衡 彩虹贝 Villosa IRIS 

分 类 号：S954[农业科学—水产养殖]