军事应激对军人职业倦怠和心理健康的影响及其干预的研究  

The effects of military stress on job burnout and mental health and the research of its interventions

作　　者：宋红涛[1] 张理义[2] 范惠民[3] 孔令明[2] 徐长军[4] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学临床医学院,镇江212013 [2]解放军第102医院全军心理疾病防治中心 [3]成都军区总医院 [4]73031部队卫生科

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2014年第6期537-541,共5页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：国家科技部支撑计划（2009BA177801）,军队心理卫生应用性科研课题专项课题（12XLZ216）

摘　　要：目的 研究军事应激对军人职业倦怠和心理健康的影响,并进一步探讨军事应激情景中心理承受力、职业倦怠、心理健康三者间的关系.方法 整群随机抽取某部队520名参加军事演习的陆军官兵作为研究组,另抽取该部520名未参加军事演习的陆军官兵作为对照组,军事演习1周后运用军人心理疾病预测量表、军人职业倦怠量表和军人心理承受力量表评定研究组和对照组的心理健康、职业倦怠和心理承受力状况,对所得数据进行t检验、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程模型构建等统计处理.结果 （1）研究组心理疾病预测总分及精神病性、抑郁、躁狂、神经症、人格偏移因子分[分别为（15.85±9.30）分,（0.36±0.91）分,（1.10±1.53）分,（2.66±1.78）分,（1.16±1.57）分,（2.04± 1.83）分]、职业倦怠总分及各因子分[分别为（23.05±9.40）分,（5.13±2.47）分,（3.19±2.18）分,（5.16±3.01）分,（1.71±1.66）分,（3.29±2.21）分],均高于对照组[分别为（11.20±6.24）分,（0.11±0.53）分,（0.55±1.10）分,（1.89±1.50）分,（0.51±1.02）分,（1.10±1.13）分,（17.92±9.64）分,（4.28±2.92）分,（2.64±2.06）分,（3.84±2.46）分,（1.26±1.37）分,（2.77±2.43）分],差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;（2）研究组军人心理承受力与职业倦怠和心理健康呈负相关（r=-0.52～-0.09,P＜0.05）,军人职业倦怠与心理健康呈正相关（r=0.12～0.57,P＜0.01）;（3）军事应激情境中,心理承受力是影响军人心理健康和职业倦怠的调节变量;（4）结构方程模型分析表明,心理承受力对职业倦怠有直接效应（路径系数为-0.56,P=0.000）,职业倦怠对心理健康有直接效应（路径系数为0.73,P=0.000）,心理承受力对心理健康直接效应不明显（路径系数为-0.06,P=0.32）,模型适配良好（x2/df=3.138,GFI=0.943,AGFI=0.911,NFI=0.930,RFI=0.905,IFI=0.952,TLI=0.933,CFI=0.951,RMSEA=0.065）.结论 �Objectives To investigate the effects of military stress and psychological resilience on job burnout and mental health in military personnel and construct the relationship among resilience,job burnout and mental health during military stress.Methods By cluster random sampling,520 personnel in army taking part in the war-game were selected as the experimental group,and another group of 520 who not taking part in the wargame were selected as the control group.After one week of the war-game,the experimental group and control group were investigated by Military Personnel Mental Disorder Prediction Scale,Military Job Burnout Scale and Military Personnel Resilience Scale.The acquired datum were analyzed by t-test,correlation analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis.Results （1） The total scores of mental disorder prediction and factor scores of psychosis,depression,mania,neurosis,personality disorder were（（15.85±9.30）,（0.36±0.91）,（1.10±1.53）,（2.66±1.78）,（1.16± 1.57）,（2.04± 1.83）） and the total scores of job burnout and its all factor scores were（（23.05±9.40）,（5.13±2.47）,（3.19±2.18）,（5.16±3.01）,（1.71 ± 1.66）,（3.29±2.21）） of experimental group were significantly higher than control group（（11.20±6.24）,（0.11 ±0.53）,（0.55± 1.10）,（1.89± 1.50）,（0.51± 1.02）,（1.10±1.13）,（17.92±9.64）,（4.28±2.92）,（2.64±2.06）,（3.84±2.46）,（1.26± 1.37）,（2.77±2.43）,P=0.000）.（2）Psychological resilience negatively correlated with job burnout and mental health（r=-0.52～-0.09,P〈0.05）,and job burnout positively correlated with mental health （r=0.12 ～ 0.57,P〈0.01）.（3） Under the military stress,psychological resilience was the accommodation to effect the mental health and job burnout of military personnel.（4）The analysis of structural equation modeling showed that psychological resilience had a direct effect on job burnout（the path coefficient was-0.56,P〈0.01）,bu

关 键 词：军事应激 心理健康 心理承受力 职业倦怠 结构方程模型 军人 

分 类 号：R82[医药卫生—临床医学]