失能老年人生活自理能力及认知能力分析  

The analysis of self-care ability and cognition among disabled elderly

作　　者：孙熠[1] 薛阳阳[1] 应丹丹[1] 林双双[1] 姜丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学护理学院,温州325035

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2014年第6期553-555,共3页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题重点项目（13JDLB02Z）

摘　　要：目的 调查失能老年人的生活自理状况、认知状况,分析失能老年人生活自理能力与认知能力的关系及其影响因素.方法 抽样调查接受社区及机构长期照护的失能老年人813名,使用自制问卷、日常生活自理能力测定量表（ADL）和简易操作智力状态问卷（SPMSQ）进行调查.结果 接受长期照护的失能老年人日常生活自理能力得分为（32.01±11.59）分,认知能力得分为（3.77±3.24）分;其中自理能力重度障碍的失能老年人各项认知能力障碍率均高于轻度障碍者（均P＜0.001）;随着失能老年人不能自理时间的延长其定向力、回忆力障碍率增高（x2=11.875,14.758,均P＜0.01）;存在认知障碍的失能老年人,各项自理能力障碍率均高于认知正常者（均P＜0.001）;多元线性回归显示,文化程度（β=-0.067）、婚姻状况（β=-0.071）、自理障碍时间（β=0.121）、定向力（β=0.403）、合并认知障碍种类别（β=0.443）是影响失能老年人基本日常生活自理能力（BADL）的重要因素;自理障碍时间（β=0.116）、定向力（β=0.417）、回忆力（β=0.275）、记忆力（β=0.189）、计算力（β=0.257）、存在认知障碍种类（β=0.358）是影响工具性日常生活自理能力（IADL）的重要因素.结论 接受长期照护的失能老年人的生活自理能力及认知能力明显下降,两者相互影响,应结合认知与生活自理能力的规律及特点,给予其针对性的长期照护服务.Objective To investigate the status of self-care ability and cognition among disabled elderly,and to analyze the relationship between self-care ability and cognition,then analyze their influencing factors.Methods A total of 813 disabled elderly accepted long-term care at community or facility were recruited by stratified sampling method and investigated by socio-demographic questionnaire,activities of daily living and short portable mental status questionnaire.Results The total scores of self-care ability of the long-term care disabled was 32.01±11.59,and the total points of cognition was 3.77±3.24.Disabled elderly with severe disorders of self-care ability had a higher obstacle rate in every cognition ability than those with mild disabilities （P〈0.001）.There were differences in orientation and memory function with different persistent disabled time （x2 =11.875,14.758,P〈0.01）.Disabled elderly with cognition obstacles have a higher obstacle rate in every self-care aspect than those with normal cognition （P〈0.01）.The multiple regression analysis showed that the educational level （β=-0.067）,arital status （β=-0.071）,disabled persistence time （β=0.121）,orientation ability （β=0.403）,the amount of cognition obstacles （β=0.443） were the influence factors of Basic Activities of Daily Living（BADL） among disabled elderly ; and disabled persistence time （β=0.116）,orientation ability （β=0.417）,recalled ability （β=0.275）,memorial ability （β=0.189）,calculative ability （β=0.257）,the amount of cognition obstacles （β=0.358） were the important factors influence Instrumental Activities of Daily Living（IADL）.Conclusion The self-care ability and cognition of the long-term care elderly were declining sharply,and influencing each other.It is advisable to offer them direct long-term care service combined with the laws and characteristics of cognition and self-care ability.

关 键 词：失能老年人 生活自理能力 认知 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]