基于反演策略的数据自适应衰减补偿方法  

Inversion based data-adaptive attenuation compensation method

作　　者：王本锋[1,2] 陈小宏[1,2] 李景叶[1,2] 陈增保[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)海洋石油勘探国家工程实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《石油物探》2014年第3期304-312,共9页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1262207;41074098);国家科技重大专项课题(2011ZX05023-005-005);中国石化地球物理重点实验室开放研究基金项目(WTYJY-WX2013-04-12)联合资助

摘　　要：反Q滤波以及Gabor反褶积是提高地震记录分辨率的重要方法,但反Q滤波需要精确的Q值信息且振幅补偿具有不稳定性;Gabor反褶积基于子波最小相位假设,一定程度上偏离实际情况,其应用受到限制。为此,借鉴反Q滤波思想只进行吸收衰减补偿,避免了子波相位的影响;结合Gabor反褶积方法,在Gabor域利用能量均分双曲平滑方法估计衰减函数谱;基于非稳态褶积理论,利用反演思想得到衰减补偿后的地震记录。该方法相对常规的反Q滤波方法不需要精确的Q值信息,避免了振幅补偿不稳定的发生;同时,该方法忽略子波的影响,相对Gabor反褶积克服了对子波最小相位假设的缺陷,对数据具有一定的自适应性。通过模拟数据分析验证了方法的可行性,实际数据处理进一步验证了方法的有效性。Inverse Q filtering and Gabor deconvolution are able to effectively improve seismic data resolution.However,inverse Q filtering requires accurate Q values and it is always unstable or under-corrected for amplitude compensation.Gabor deconvolution is based on the assumption of a minimum phase wavelet,which is deviated from real conditions to some extent,therefore its application is limited.This paper combines merits of inverse Q filtering and Gabor deconvolution,which neglects effects of wavelet,just compensates attenuation; and extracts attenuation function in the Gabor domain through hyperbolic smoothing of energy equipartition.Then,compensated seismic data can be obtained based on non stationary convolution theory and inversion strategy.The proposed method does not require accurate Q value and avoids the inability for amplitude compensation compared with traditional inverse Q filtering method; it avoids the assumption of a minimum phase wavelet,which is adaptive to seismic data compared with Gabor deconvolution.The validity of the proposed method has been verified by tests on synthetic and real data.

关 键 词：反Q滤波 Gabor反褶积 衰减补偿 非稳态褶积 反演策略 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]