影响华北盛夏降水的水汽路径客观定量化的研究  

Objective quantification of the water vapor path influencing precipitation in North China in summer

作　　者：叶敏[1] 吴永萍[1] 周杰[1] 吴浩[1] 涂钢 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学物理科学与技术学院,扬州225002 [2]吉林省气象科学研究所,中高纬度环流系统与东亚季风开放实验室,长春130062

出　　处：《物理学报》2014年第12期466-477,共12页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2012CB955902,2013CB430204);国家自然科学基金(批准号:41175067,41105055,41175084,41375079);公益性行业科研专项(批准号:GYHY201106016);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(批准号:CXLX13_894)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：基于1951—2011年美国气象环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料以及国家气候中心提供的中国160站月平均降水资料,定义垂直于某一截面的平均水汽通量为描述水汽路径强度的客观化指标,计算发现与华北降水密切相关的水汽路径有5条:孟加拉湾水汽路径、太平洋水汽路径、西南和东南汇合水汽路径(以下简称汇合水汽路径)、由西输入水汽路径以及南海水汽路径.研究结果表明,汇合水汽路径、由西输入水汽路径及南海水汽路径有明显的年代际变化,这种年代际变化是与华北盛夏降水量的年代际变化基本一致的.通过滑动相关分析可以发现,对华北盛夏降水产生影响的主要是由西输入水汽路径,这可能是受西风带的影响.通过合成分析的结果同样表明由西输入华北的水汽输送增强时,伴随着太平洋水汽路径的输送明显增强,绕过了华南和长江中下游直接输送至华北和东北,从而引起华北和东北的降水量偏多;虽然其他水汽路径对华北盛夏降水的影响相对比较小,但是2000年开始,孟加拉湾水汽路径对华北盛夏降水的影响逐渐增强.Based on the data of daily wind and specific humidity, surface pressure from NCEP/NCAR and the data of monthly average precipitation of 160 stations in China from National Climate Center, and according to correlation filed of precipitation with water vapor transport, the water vapor transport which is perpendicular to a cross section is defined as an objective indicator of vapor transport path, and six mainly vapor transport paths are found for North China. The results show that the confluent water vapor path, the water vapor path which outputs to the east, the water vapor path which inputs from the west and the water vapor path from the South China Sea have obvious inter-decadal variation, and the inter-decadal variation is basically the same as the inter-decadal variation of summer precipitation in North China. It is found that the water vapor path which outputs to the east and the water vapor path which inputs from the west have main influence on the precipitation in North China on summer though sliding correlation analysis. It is influenced by westerly. Second, the water vapor transport of water vapor path which is from the west of North China increases, at the same time which is from the southeast of the Pacific Ocean is enhanced obviously. Then water vapor which passes through the middle and lower Yangtze river and the South China and directly transports to the North China and Northeast China, results in heavy precipitation of North China and Northeast China and slight precipitation of the south and the Yangtze river. However, the water vapor from the bay of Bengal began to influence the precipitation in North China in summer from 2000.

关 键 词：降水 水汽路径 水汽输送 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]