中国与以色列养蜂业发展比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Apiculture Industry Between China and Israel

作　　者：刘之光[1] 吕丽萍[1] 丁桂玲[1] 郭海坤[1] 石巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所,农业部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2014年第3期162-168,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45-YJS02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2012ZL078)资助

摘　　要：养蜂业的发展对农业生态发展和农业增产增收具有重要意义。以色列国土面积狭小,但蜂群密度和养蜂业发展均居世界前列,尤其机械化程度高。为提高我国养蜂业规模化饲养水平,经过对以色列养蜂业的了解与考察,就中国和以色列养蜂业在蜜蜂消失现象(CCD)、蜂蜜生产、蜂群授粉价值等方面进行比较分析。由于受到蜜蜂消失现象的影响,从2006年开始,以色列的蜂群总量有所下降,导致近年蜂蜜产量和授粉产值受到影响。蜜蜂消失现象对中国养蜂业影响不大。中国的蜂群数量和蜂蜜产量总量远超以色列,但是截止2005年中国蜂蜜单群产量少于以色列蜂群单产量。后期由于以色列受到蜜蜂消失现象影响,自2006年中国蜂蜜单群产量已经超过以色列,并保持持续上涨。选取9种主要依赖蜜蜂授粉的果蔬及经济作物,进行授粉产值的比较分析,以色列9种主要果蔬和经济作物的授粉产值均高于中国。以色列养蜂业机械化程度高,人力投入少,重视授粉经济价值,重视蜂产品质量安全,这些方面均值得中国养蜂业借鉴。Development of apiculture industry is of important significance for ecological agriculture development and yield /income increase of agriculture production.The land area in Israel is narrow,but her bee colony density and apiculture development all rank among the top of the world,specially the mechanization level is very high.In order to improve the large scale breeding level of apiculture industry in China,Israel study tours was made to learn from their apiculture industry.This paper conducted comparative analysis on apiculture industry（CCD）,honey production,value of pollination,etc.between China and Israel.Due to the impact of CCD,the total quantity of Israel colonies decreased since 2006.Thus,the honey production and pollination output value were affected.But CCD had less influence on China＇s apiculture industry.The bee colony quantity and honey yield production in China were far more than that of Israel.But China＇s honey yield per unit area was less than Israel before 2005.Since 2006,due to the influence of CCD in Israel,China＇s honey yield per unit area had surpassed Israel,and keep rising.This paper selected 9 kinds of fruit,vegetable and cash crop,which depend on bee pollination,and carried out comparative analysis on pollination value.The pollination values of 9 kinds of fruit,vegetable and cash corp of Israel are higher than that of China.The mechanization level of apiculture industry of Israel is higher,less human resources are invested,more attention is paid on the economic value of pollination,and honey product quality and safety.All those results are worthwhile for China apiculture industry to use for reference.

关 键 词：中国 以色列 养蜂业 授粉价值 蜜蜂消失现象 

分 类 号：S898[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]