2012年某三甲医院实习护士锐器伤调查  

Investigation of sharp instrument injury situation among student nurses in a class three grade

作　　者：庞才滨[1] 叶报春[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区北海市人民医院皮肤科, 536000 [2]广西壮族自治区北海市人民医院感染管理科 ,536000

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2014年第16期1940-1942,共3页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的 了解实习护士在实习期间发生医疗锐器伤的情况,探讨实习护士锐器伤的危险相关因素和防范对策.方法 对2012年实习的护士进行回顾性问卷调查,问卷为自制,内容包括调查对象基本情况、职业暴露防护知识教育或培训情况、锐器伤伤害的情况、防锐器伤的防护意识、锐器伤发生后的处理等.结果79.9％ （188/238）的实习护士在l～10个月的实习期间至少发生过1次锐器伤,平均每个实习护士发生锐器伤的次数为1.78次;实习头1个月发生的次数最多,实习护士中93.7％不同程度接受过职业防护知识培训,锐器伤主要发生在：儿科、急诊科、神经外科等比较忙的科室;导致锐器伤发生的主要操作为：徒手掰安瓿、处置医疗废物、双手回套针帽、拔针、静脉注射;76.1％的锐器伤案例能正确处理伤口,仅有9.9％锐器伤能正确报告.不同学历者、不同培训途径及是否接受过职业防护相关知识培训护士锐器伤发生率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 实习护士锐器伤发生率目前处于较高水平,要加强实习护士的“三基”及职业防护相关知识培训,使她们尽快规范、熟练护理操作,提高锐器伤防范意识;医院要减少患者静脉输注治疗;尽可能用高分子材料的安瓿（如塑料）代替玻璃安瓿;建立健全职业防护制度,强化职业暴露报告意识,以降低实习护士锐器伤发生率.Objective To explore the sharp instrument injury situation among student nurses in a class three grade A hospital so as to study risk factors and preventive measures for medical sharp injury.Methods A retrospective survey was made among 238 student nurses of one class three grade A hospital in 2012.And the survey included basic information,training on sharp instrument injury,medical sharp injury occurrence,and its prevention and treatment and so on.Results Among 238 student nurses,79.9% （188/238） of them suffered from sharp injury at least once during the internship from one to ten months.The average number of occurrence per person was 1.78 times.The incidence of the first month internship was highest.And 93.7% of them had accessed to knowledge of occupational protection.Sharp injury mainly occurred in busy departments such as pediatric department,emergency department and neurosurgery department.The operations resulting in sharp injury included breaking ample off without using gauze,disposal of medical waste,recapping the needle cap with hands and pulling out the needle and intravenous injection.And 76.1% sharp injury could be correctly dealt with,only 9.9% sharp injury could be correctly reported.The incidence of sharp injury was related to the degree of education,whether or not to have access to knowledge of occupational protection and ways of training（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The incidence of sharp injury among student nurses at present is still high.It is necessary for hospitals to strengthen training of three basic and occupational protection,reduce unnecessary intravenous therapies,use ample made of poly material like pvc material instead of glass,improve occupational protective system and enhance awareness of occupational exposure so as to reduce the incidence of sharp injury quickly.

关 键 词：实习护士 锐器伤 三级甲等医院 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]