家长自报4～36月龄婴幼儿挑食行为的准确性评价  

Assessment of accuracy of parents' perception of their 4- 36 months old children's picky eating behavior

作　　者：李子一[1] 王金子[1] 张雅蓉[1] 余恺 司徒文佑 尤莉莉[1] 陈程[3] 李文军 王培玉[1] 张玉梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系,北京100191 [2]雀巢北京研发中心,北京100095 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [4]雀巢营养科学院,北京100102

出　　处：《北京大学学报（医学版）》2014年第3期383-388,共6页Journal of Peking University:Health Sciences

摘　　要：目的：以膳食频率问卷为评价标准，从4～36月龄婴幼儿是否挑食和其挑食种类两方面评估家长对其所喂养的婴幼儿挑食行为判断的准确性。方法：采用多阶段随机整群抽样和立意抽样结合的方法，选取4～36月龄且开始添加非乳类辅食的婴幼儿及其家长作为研究对象，采用自行设计的问卷，对儿童喂养人进行访谈式问卷调查，了解婴幼儿基本情况、膳食情况和挑食情况。根据家长报告，将全部儿童分为挑食/不挑食组或对某类食物挑食/不挑食组。采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较挑食/不挑食组儿童摄入的食物种类有无差别，评价家长自报儿童是否挑食的准确性；比较对某类食物挑食/不挑食组儿童该类食物日平均摄入量有无差别，评价家长自报儿童挑食种类的准确性。结果：儿童挑食比例随年龄增加而上升，4～6月龄、7～12月龄婴儿均对乳类挑食的比例最高（25．00％、24．00％）；13～24月龄、25～36月龄幼儿均对蔬菜挑食的比例最高（26．92％、47．46％）。4～6月龄、7～12月龄挑食儿童摄入食物种类数目（8种，19．5种）高于不挑食儿童（6种，18种），而13～24月龄、25～36月龄挑食儿童摄入食物种类数目（28．5种，34种）均低于不挑食儿童（31种，37种）。4～6月龄婴儿的家长对各类食物的判断准确性均较高，但两组间各类食物摄入量差异均无统计学意义；7～12月龄婴儿的家长仅对乳类和蛋类的判断准确性高且差异有统计学意义；13～24月龄幼儿家长对除蔬菜以外的各类食物判断准确性均较高，且蛋类摄入量差异有统计学意义；25～36月龄幼儿家长对除乳类、豆类和谷物之外的各类食物判断准确性均较高，但各类食物摄入量差异均无统计学意义。结论：小于12月龄儿童的家长对其是否挑食、挑食种类的判断准确性低，而13～36月龄儿童的家长对其挑食Objective：To evaluate the accuracy of parents ’ perception of whether their child is a picky eater and the specific food category the children avoideating according to the food frequency question-naire.Methods：This research selected 1 663 infants aged 4-36 months receiving non-diary complimen-tary food from maternal, infants, nutrition and growth study （MING Study） in 8 Chinese cities in which a combination of systematic cluster random sampling and purposive sampling was used .The general infor-mation, dietary status and picky eating status were collected through a self-designed questionnaire from the caregiver of the children .According to the parents ’ perception , the children were classified into picky/non-picky groups or avoid/non-avoid to a specific food category groups .Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare between the groups .Results： The reported percentage of picky eaters increased from 7.37%in 4-6 months old infants to 36.20%in 25-36 months old infants .Most picky infants in 4-6 months and 7-12 months old infants avoided eating dairy food （ 25% and 24%）; while most picky toddlers aged 13-24 months and 25-36 months avoided eating vegetables （26.92% and 47.46%）. The infants aged 4-6 months and 7-12 months who were perceived as picky by their parents took more kinds of food （8 and 19.5 kinds） than those who were not （6 and 18 kinds）, while the picky toddlers aged 13-24 months and 25-36 months took fewer kinds of food （28.5 and 34 kinds for picky eaters, 31 and 37 kinds for non-picky eaters ） .The parents of infants aged 4-6 months judged correctly in every category of food without any statistical significance;the parents of 7-12 months old infants judged cor-rectly only in dairy food and eggs with statistical significance;those of 13-24 months old infants judged correctly in every food category except for vegetables with statistically significant difference in the category of eggs;those of 25-36 months old toddlers misjudged in dairy , beans and grains with no statistic

关 键 词：偏食 婴儿 儿童 学龄前 双亲 认知 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]