基于电子束热源的钒合金/不锈钢连接技术研究  

Research on Welding Processes of Vanadium Alloy/Stainless Steel Based on Electron Beam

作　　者：王亚荣[1] 张勇智[1] 许超[1] 余洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所,绵阳621900

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第10期58-64,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51105346)

摘　　要：采用电子束熔化焊、电子束熔-钎焊和电子束阻隔熔化焊方法来实现钒合金与不锈钢异种金属之间的连接。研究发现钒合金与不锈钢连接界面处产生的脆性金属间化合物是影响接头性能的关键因素。采用电子束直接熔化焊时,接头界面会产生贯穿性裂纹导致焊缝直接断裂。电子束熔-钎焊中利用熔化的不锈钢润湿未熔化的钒合金母材,有效控制了液-固界面反应,实现冶金结合。在钒合金与反应区形成厚度20?m的扩散层,在接头中未发现有金属间化合物σ相的产生。电子束熔钎焊接头的抗拉强度达到200 MPa。在电子束阻隔熔化焊中采用Ag作为中间层添加元素,很好地抑制了V/Fe界面的金属间化合物的产生,显著提高了接头性能,接头抗拉强度超过400 MPa。电子束熔-钎焊和阻隔熔化焊得到的钒合金/不锈钢异种金属焊接接头焊缝正反面成形良好,X射线探伤未发现裂纹和气孔缺陷。Electron beam welding（EBW）,electron beam welding-brazing（EBWB） and electron beam isolation welding（EBIW） for the dissimilar combination of vanadium alloy and stainless steel will be studied in this project.The present results show that the brittle intermetallic compound formed in the welding process is the key factor to influence the joint properties.The penetrated crack is formed in EBW process directly leading to the joint unsuccessful.In EBWB process,the joints have the characters of welding and brazing and the metallurgically bonded joint is achieved without melting the vanadium alloy sheet.The liquid-to-solid interalloying of dissimilar materials well controlling,a reaction zone is gained on the interface.20 μm-thick interaction diffusion layer is formed in the interface of V base metal and reaction zone and no interracial intermetallic g-phases detected in the joint.The maximum tensile strength of vanadium alloy/stainless-steel of EBWB joint is up to 200 MPa.Ag as filler material exhibited good isolation layer which helps minimizing the formation of V/Fe intermetalics,increasing the weld quality.The tensile strength of vanadium alloy/stainless-steel of EBWI joint is more than 400 MPa.The welded seams are good shape as well as the back of the joints and there is no crack and detected porosity in the joints of EBWB and EBWI through X-ray inspection.

关 键 词：钒合金 不锈钢 电子束焊接 熔-钎 阻隔 

分 类 号：TG457[金属学及工艺—焊接]