“旋转式”与“滑步式”铅球投掷最后用力技术的博弈分析  

The Game Analysis on Final Exertion of Shot-put Between Rotation and Glide Throwing Techniques

作　　者：张庆来[1,2] 张林[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]山东理工大学体育学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2014年第6期133-139,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：为探索"旋转式"和"滑步式"铅球投掷最后用力技术的特点,采用文献资料、专家访谈及录像分析等方法对全国田径大奖赛男子铅球冠、亚军的最后用力技术的运动学特征进行博弈分析。结果表明:在最后用力初期,旋转式投掷技术中铅球的平均速度(2.55±0.50 m/s)小于滑步式铅球的平均速度(3.29±0.34 m/s),最后用力后期,旋转式投掷技术中铅球的平均速度(8.54±2.82 m/s)略大于滑步式铅球的平均速度(8.32±2.61 m/s);在最后用力的整个过程中,旋转式投掷技术中人体重心的平均速度(1.65±0.35 m/s)明显小于滑步式人体重心的平均速度(2.09±0.29 m/s);在最后用力初期,旋转式投掷技术中右侧肩髋速度均明显小于滑步式右侧肩髋速度,但进入最后用力后期,旋转式的左肩的峰值速度(4.6 m/s),明显高于滑步式的左肩速度(3.09 m/s),随后左侧肩髋速度降到最低点,出现了一个骤降的"拐点"。结论:1)旋转式投掷技术比滑步式在最后用力阶段更能有效的增大铅球的运行速度;2)旋转式投掷技术比滑步式更能有效控制人体重心的速度变化,有利于提高动作稳定性;3)旋转式投掷最后用力过程中,铅球的加速度保持平稳上升过程,滑步投掷中铅球的加速度呈现了波浪式的变化特点;4)旋转式与滑步式投掷技术中,左侧肩髋速度变化趋势相同,都出现了一个速度骤降的"拐点",充分体现了左侧环节的积极主动着地,形成有力的支撑制动,有利于动量向右侧投掷臂的转移。In order to explore characteristics of the final exertion of ＂rotation＂ and ＂glide＂ throwing techniques ,this paper used literature review, expert interview, video observation and other methods, and analyzed the kinematics characteristics of the final throwing of the top two shot putters in National Athletic Grand Prix. Results ： 1 ） The average speed of shot at the beginning of final exertion of rotary throwing is slower than that of glide throwing （2.55 ±0. 50 m/s vs. 3.29 ± 0.34 m/s） ,and at the end of final exertion,the speed of rotary throwing is faster than that of glide throwing （8.54 ±2.82 m/s vs. 8.32 ± 2.61 m/s）. 2） The average speed of gravity center of human body during the final exertion of rotary throwing is slower than that of glide throwing （ 1.65 ±0.35 m/s vs. 2.09 ± 0.29 m/ s）. 3） At the beginning of final exertion of rotary throwing,the speed of the right shoulder and hip is significantly slower than that of glide throwing,but at the end of the final exertion of rotation throwing,the left shoulder reaches peak velocity and it is significantly faster than that of glide throwing （4.6 m/s vs. 3.09 m/s） ,then speed of left shoulder and hip drops to bottom, which shaped ＂inflection point＂. Conclusion： 1 ） Rotary throwing technique is more effectively than glide throwing one to increase speed of shot in final exertion. 2） Rotary throwing technique is more effectively than slide type to control the change of gravity center of human body which is benefit for motion stability. 3） During the final exertion,rotary throwing technique keeps shot speed increasing steadily while glide throwing technique keeps shot speed increasing in a wave-like manner. 4） Speed of left shoulder and hip has the same change trend both in rotation and glide throwing techniques, speed shows ＂inflection point＂, which fully reflected that the active ground of left side shaped a support for brake to improve momentum transfer to right throwing ann.

关 键 词：铅球 滑步式 旋转式 最后用力 

分 类 号：G824.1[文化科学—体育训练]