不同循环饥饿投喂模式对尼罗罗非鱼补偿生长的影响  

Effect of different cyclic starvation and refeeding regimes on the compensatory growth of Nile tilapia( Oreochromis niloticus)

作　　者：李建[1] 王琨[1,2] 陈建春[1] 叶继丹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院厦门市饲料检测与安全评价重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]集美大学农业部东海海水健康养殖重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第6期869-876,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372546);福建省自然科学基金(2012J01141);集美大学创新团队项目(2011A001)

摘　　要：为了探讨尼罗罗非鱼对不同循环饥饿投喂模式的补偿生长效应,本实验分别采用每天投喂(S0)及饥饿1 d+投喂3 d(S1F3)、饥饿1 d+投喂5 d(S1F5)、饥饿1 d+投喂7 d(S1F7)、饥饿2 d+投喂3 d(S2F3)、饥饿2 d+投喂5 d(S2F5)和饥饿2 d+投喂7 d(S2F7)6种不同的循环投喂模式,用含33%蛋白质和8%脂肪的饲料饲养尼罗罗非鱼(均重13.50 g),饲喂期为43 d。结果显示,S0组的增重率(806.74%)最高,与S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组差异不显著,但分别比S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组显著提高40.3%、33.6%和10.4%;S0组的特定生长率最低(5.36%),显著低于其他各组;与对照组相比,采用循环投喂模式没有改善饲料转化率和蛋白质效率,但却能明显提高日摄食率;各实验处理组肝体比、脏体比、肥满度、鱼体灰分含量、肌肉RNA/DNA比值及血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和尿素氮含量与对照组差异不显著;S1F3、S1F5和S1F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量、血清甘油三酯含量及血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性与S0组差异不显著,但S2F3、S2F5和S2F7组鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量及血清甘油三酯含量显著低于S0组,血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于S0组。研究表明,尼罗罗非鱼在S1F3、S1F5和S1F7模式下获得了完全补偿生长,而在S2F3、S2F5和S2F7模式下仅获得了部分补偿生长,且均是通过提高恢复投喂期间的摄食量来实现补偿生长。在获得完全补偿生长的3组中,S1F3组的实际投喂天数最短,仅为33 d,比每天投喂模式缩短了23.3%,因此在本实验条件下,饥饿1 d+投喂3 d是最佳的循环饥饿投喂模式。A 43-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the compensatory growth response to different cyclic starvation and refeeding regimes in Nile tilapia（ Oreochromis niloticus） fed the diet containing 33%crude protein and 8% lipid. Seven feeding regimes were designed as follows： the control group of fish fed daily（ S0,control）,and other six groups that were subjected to 1 or 2 days of starvation followed by 3,5 or 7days of feeding to satiation,i. e. S1F3（ starved 1 d,then fed 3 d）,S1F5（ starved 1 d,then fed 5 d）,S1F7（ starved 1 d,then fed 7 d）,S2F3（ starved 2 d,then fed 3 d）,S2F5（ starved 2 d,then fed 5 d） and S2F7（ starved 2 d,then fed 7 d）. Four hundred and twenty fish averaging 13.50 g were randomly distributed into twenty one 150-L-tanks（ twenty fish per tank） and reared in circular flow-through fresh water. Each of the groups was alloted the diet three times a day for their respective refeeding days. The weight gain rate（ 806.74%） in group S0 was 40.3%,33.6% and 10.4% higher than those in groups S2F3,S2F5 and S2F7（ P ＆lt;0. 05）,but was not different from those in groups S1F3,S1F5 and S1F7（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. The lowest specific growth rate（ 5. 36%） was found in group S0,and was significantly lower than those in other groups（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. Feed efficiency,protein efficiency ratio,hepatosomatic index,viscerasomatic index,and condition factor as well as whole-body ash content and muscle RNA /DNA ratio did not differ across treatments（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）,but the daily feed intake in groups subjected to any of the cyclic feeding regimes was significantly higher than that in group S0（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. The groups S2F3,S2F5 and S2F7 exhibited lower whole-body lipid and protein contents than group S0（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. However,groups S1F3,S1F5 and S1F7 did not show any difference in whole-body composition compared to group S0（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. In terms of blood biochemical components,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density

关 键 词：尼罗罗非鱼 投喂模式 补偿生长 鱼体成分 生化指标 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]