饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙生长性能的影响  

Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth of bullfrog( Rana catesbeiana)

作　　者：皇康康[1] 张春晓[1] 王玲[1] 宋凯[1] 黄飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院厦门市饲料检测与安全评价重点实验室,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第6期877-887,共11页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：福建省高校优秀人才支持计划(JA11145);美国动物蛋白及油脂提炼协会资助项目(M11GXASIA3)

摘　　要：为研究饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙生长、体组成和肝脏健康的影响,以红鱼粉、豆粕和酪蛋白为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为主要脂肪源,α-淀粉为主要糖源,微晶纤维素为填充剂,并补充无机盐和维生素等配制实验饲料。实验设3个蛋白水平（35%、40%和45%）,每个蛋白水平下设4个脂肪水平（4%、7%、10%和13%）,共12种饲料,饲料可利用能变化范围为12.4~17.8 kJ/g,蛋白能量比变化范围为21.9~32.0 mg/kJ。每种饲料设置3个重复,每个水族缸放养12只牛蛙[初始平均体质量为（91.5±1.1）g],每日饱食投喂2次,实验周期56 d。结果发现,饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对牛蛙的存活率无显著影响,而13%脂肪组的牛蛙肝脏出现颜色不均一和肝体脆化无韧性的现象。饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平显著影响牛蛙的增重率、特定生长率、摄食率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率。其中,40%蛋白组牛蛙的增重率和特定生长率显著高于35%蛋白组,与45%蛋白组无显著差异。随着蛋白质水平的升高,饲料效率显著升高,而摄食率和蛋白质效率显著降低。随着脂肪水平的升高,增重率、特定生长率和摄食率显著升高,饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮保留率无显著差异。饲料脂肪水平与牛蛙全体的脂肪含量和总能水平正相关,但不影响牛蛙全体的蛋白质含量。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,牛蛙肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高,过氧化氢酶和脂蛋白酯酶活力先升高后降低。研究表明,牛蛙饲料适宜的蛋白质和脂肪水平分别为40%和7%,适宜蛋白能量比为27.7 mg/kJ。A feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for bullfrog（ Rana catesbeiana）.Twelve diets were formulated to contain three protein levels（35%,40% and 45%）,each with four lipid levels（ 4%,7%,10% and 13%）,in order to produce a range of P /E ratios（ from 21. 9 to 32. 0mg protein /kJ）. The designed dietary protein and lipid levels in a brown fish meal-based formulation were achieved by serial adjustment of casein（ for protein） or a mixture of fish oil and soybean oil（ for lipid） at the expense of microcrystalline cellulose. Each diet was randomly assigned to three tanks（ 200 L）,each tank was stocked with 12 bullfrogs[（ 91. 5 ± 0. 10） g average initial body weight]. Bullfrogs were fed twice daily（ 08： 00and 17： 00） to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that no significant differences in survival were found among all dietary treatments,but bullfrogs fed the diet with 13% lipid displayed liver lesions,such as abnormal color and crumbly texture. Weight gain（ WG） and specific growth rate（ SGR） of bullfrogs fed diet with 40% protein were significantly higher than those of bullfrogs fed diet with 35% protein（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）,but there were no significant differences with bullfrogs fed diet with 45% protein（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. With increasing dietary protein levels,feed efficiency（ FE） increased significantly,whereas,feed rate（ FR） and protein efficiency ratio（ PER） were just the opposite（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）. WG,SGR and FR increased significantly with increasing dietary lipid levels（ P ＆lt; 0. 05）,however,FE,PER and nitrogen retention were not significantly affected by dietary lipid levels（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. No significant difference was observed in body composition among all the groups at different dietary protein levels（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. Whole-body crude protein contents were not significantly affected by dietary lipid levels（ P ＆gt; 0. 05）. However,whole-body crude lipid and ener

关 键 词：牛蛙 饲料 蛋白质 脂肪 蛋白能量比 

分 类 号：S828.5[农业科学—畜牧学]