中山市三种行业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患患病率及危险因素研究  

Study on prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders and their risk factors among workers in three industries in Zhongshan, China

作　　者：刘锦华[1] 黄国贤[1] 李霞英[1] 王淑玉[1] 刘林均[2] 刘新霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,528403 [2]香港大学李嘉诚医学院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2014年第6期415-417,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金（A2012821）;中山市医疗卫生重大科技专项（20132A003）

摘　　要：目的通过横断面流行病学调查了解中山市制造行业生产工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患（OMD）现况，探讨其主要危险因素。方法调查中山市五金（1001人）、电器（455人）和家具（579人）3种制造行业共2035人，男性1402名，女性633名；平均年龄32．9±8．2岁，平均工龄6．4±5．6年。采用国内出版、经过适当修改的北欧版肌肉骨骼问卷进行肌肉骨骼疾患横断面流行病学调查。结果制造业生产工人肌肉骨骼疾患以颈部、腰部和肩部疾患为主，年患病率分别为23．1％、20．1％和15．8％。五金行业整体患病率为43．1％，电器行业为44．0％，家具行业为26．6％。OMD患病率在不同行业间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=54．2，P〈0．01）肩部和背部OMD年患病率随工龄增长有增加趋势（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归分析表明，影响OMD发生的危险因素与工龄超过10年、安全行为“从地面搬重物时直腰弯膝盖”、以及不同的行业类型有关。结论中山市制造业一线工人OMD以颈痛、腰痛和肩痛为主，其中工龄和不良劳动姿势是导致腰痛的首要危险因素。Objective To determine the prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders （OMSD） and its risk factors among workers in three manufacturing industries in Zhongshan, China by cross-sectional epidemiological investigation. Methods A total of 2 035 workers from the industries of metals （1001 persons）, electrical appliances （455 persons）, and furniture （579 persons）, including 1 402 males and 633 females, were selected; the mean age was 32.9 ±8.2 years, and the mean length of service was 6.4 ±5.6 years. A revised Northern Europe Standardized Questionnaire was used for cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of OMSD. Results The results showed that OMSD in these workers was primarily located in the neck, waist, and shoulder, with annual prevalence rates of 23.1%, 20.1%, and 15.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of OMSD was 43.1% in metal industry, 44.0% in electrical appliance industry, and 26.6% in furniture industry. OMSD prevalence showed significant differences between different industries （χ^2=54.2, P〈0.01）. The prevalence of OMSD in the shoulder and back increased with working years （P〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for OMSD were working age 〉10 years, safety behavior such as ＂bending down when lifting heavy things from the ground , and different types of industries. Conclusion OMSD is mainly manifested by neck pain, waist pain, and shoulder Rain among front-line manufacturing workers in Zhongshan, and working age, poor labor posture, and different types of industries were risk factors for waist pain.

关 键 词：制造业 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患 危险因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]