北京某地区汽车维修企业职业病危害状况的调查  

Present state of occupational hazards in automobile maintenance industry in Beijing, China

作　　者：李珏[1] 王会宁[1] 王忠旭[2] 王红[1] 牛东升[1] 徐晓虹[1] 孙伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院,100093 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2014年第6期429-431,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解汽车维修业职业病危害现状及作业人员的职业健康状况。方法对北京市2012年25家汽车维修公司的职业病危害因素检测资料、63家汽车维修公司751名男作业人员在岗期间的职业健康检查资料及某研究院205名在职男性员工的健康检查资料进行统计分析。结果作业场所苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的浓度依次为0．3～21．7、0．4～40．3、0．4～84．8、1．9～34．3、0．7．516．7mg／m^3，苯超标点位2个，乙酸丁酯超标点1个；噪声暴露强度为70．3—91．3dB（A），超标点为1个。喷漆工血常规异常检出率为15．6％，明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），钣金工高频听力损失检出率为53．9％。Logistic回归分析显示，喷漆工血常规异常与年龄和工龄无明显的关联；钣金工高频听力损失与年龄存在正相关，与工龄无明显关联。结论汽车维修行业职业危害状况不容忽视，企业应加强有毒有害作业岗位的治理及个体防护。Objective To explore the present state of occupational hazards and health status of workers in the automobile maintenance industry. Methods The monitoring results of occupational hazards in 25 automobile maintenance companies, occupational health examination resuhs of 751 male workers in 63 automobile maintenance companies, and physical examination results of 205 male students in one Research Institute were statistically analyzed in 2012. Results The concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate in the workplace were 0.3-21.7, 0.4-40.3, 0.4-84.8, 1.9-34.3, and 0.7-516.7 mg/m^3, respectively; benzene concentration exceeded the upper limit in two workplaces, and butyl acetate concentration exceeded the upper limit in one workplace. The intensity of noise was 70.3-91.3 dB （A） and exceeded the upper limit in one workplace. The prevalence of blood system involvement in spray painters was 15.6%, significant higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. High-frequency hearing loss was detected in 53.9% of all metalers. Logistic regression analysis indicated that blood system involvement was not correlated with age and working years in spray painters; high-frequency hearing loss in metalers was positively correlated with age, but not correlated with working years. Conclusion The status of occupational hazards in the automobile maintenance industry should not be neglected, and the management of noxious positions and personal protection should be strengthened in enterprises.

关 键 词：汽车维修业 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]