某异佛尔酮腈装置化学品职业暴露风险评估及风险控制  

Risk assessment and risk control for occupational exposure to chemical toxicants from an isophorone nitrile device

作　　者：王德军[1] 付晓宽[2] 孔凡玲[1] 隋少峰[1] 江媛媛[1] 杜英林[1] 周景洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心,济南250014 [2]山东省淄博市职业病防治院

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2014年第6期477-480,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的借鉴新加坡半定量风险评估方法，根据我国国情及建设项目的实际情况对其适当改进，并对某异佛尔酮腈装置存在的化学毒物职业暴露进行风险评估和风险控制。方法通过工程分析和职业病危害因素的识别，采用改进的新加坡半定量风险评估方法对某异佛尔酮腈装置存在的化学品进行风险等级的确定和风险预测。结果本装置存在的化学品主要有异佛尔酮、氢氰酸、甲醇、磷酸、氢氧化钠、氰化钠。根据公式risk=[HRxER]^1/2的推算确定本装置化学品的风险等级：氢氰酸为高风险，氢氧化钠和氰化钠为中等风险，异佛尔酮、甲醇和磷酸为低风险。通过风险等级的划分，确定风险优先处理权，制定了适用于职业病危害预评价的风险控制措施处理表。结论本研究通过风险评估可得出某异佛尔酮腈装置职业病危害为高风险水平，属于职业病危害严重的项目。本研究改进的新加坡半定量风险评估方法改进后更加科学、适用，尤其适用于无类比现场的预评价项目。Objective Risk assessment and risk control for occupational exposure to chemical toxicants were performed on an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons, based on improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method, with consideration of actual situation in China and in the present project. Methods With the use of engineering analysis and identification of occupational hazards in the improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method, hazard rating （HR） and risk assessment were performed on chemical toxicants from an isophorone nitrile device with an annual production of 5,000 tons. Results The chemical toxicants in the isophorone nitrile device were mainly isophorone, hydrocyanic acid, methanol, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium cyanide; the HR values were mild hazard （2）, extreme hazard （5）, mild hazard （2）, mild hazard （2）, moderate hazard （3）, and extreme hazard （5）, respectively, and the corresponding exposure rating （ER） values were 2.09, 2.72, 2.76, 1.68, 2.0, and 1.59, respectively. The risk of chemical toxicants in this project was assessed according to the formula Risk=[HRxER]^1/2. Hydrocyanic acid was determined as high risk, sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide as medium risk, and isophorone, methanol, and phosphoric acid as low risk. Priority in handling of risks was determined by risk rating. The table of risk control measure was established for pre-assessment of occupational hazards. Conclusion With risk assessment in this study, we concluded that the isophorone nitrile device with 5,000 ton annual production was a high-occupational hazard device. This device is a project of extreme occupational hazard. The improved Singaporean semi-quantitative risk assessment method is a scientific and applicable method, and is especially suitable for pre-evaluation of on-site project with no analbgy.

关 键 词：职业病危害 职业暴露 风险评估 

分 类 号：R136.3[医药卫生—劳动卫生]