黄河干支流洪水冲刷初步研究  

Flood Scour Rate of the Yellow River

作　　者：梁志勇[1] 王兆印 刘玉忠[3] 隋忠诚[4] 候国柱 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044 [2]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100044 [3]国家防汛抗旱总指挥部办公室,北京100053 [4]吉林省防汛抗旱指挥部办公室,长春130022 [5]河北省引滦工程管理局,唐山063000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2001年第1期25-30,共6页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金与水利部联合资助项目! (59890 2 0 0 ) ;国家重点自然科学基金资助项目! (4 983 1 0 1 0 )

摘　　要：本文在对高含沙洪水冲刷规律探讨的基础上 ,进一步对黄河干支流洪水冲刷河床的力学机理进行了分析 ,建立了非恒定水流冲刷深度与来水来沙与河道边界条件的关系 ,并用黄河干支流资料进行了讨论与验证。该公式为无量纲形式 ,考虑因素简单 ,计算方便 ,适用于所讨论区域的低含沙与高含沙洪水主槽的冲刷问题 ,可以估算洪水时主槽的最大冲刷深度。The Yellow River carries a huge amount of sediment and its floods often cause rapid and severe erosion and deposition.The channel bed of the Yellow River usually behaves degradation during a flood. In some cases vigorous erosion up to 10 meters takes place in a short period of time.Such phenomenon usually occurs in the middle reach of the Yellow River and its tributaries such as the Weihe River, the North Luohe River, etc. Nevertheless, Chinese river engineers have made two conclusions for scour and fill patterns in the Yellow River and its tributaries. One is that scour appears in flood periods, and fill does in non flood periods. The other is that scour occurs in the rising of floods, and fill does in receding of floods. Riverbed scour of the main channel by floods in the Yellow River and its tributaries was investigated, including scour by hyper concentrated floods. Flood scour usually causes variation of river cross sections in a similar way when the sediment inflow is less than the sediment laden capacity. Eq.(6) for scour rate in the main channel derived based on the momentum and continuous equations was verified by field data. This equation indicates that unsteady flow scour rate is proportional to the flow density, the velocity of the flood peak, the rising rate of flow discharge per width, and so on.The maximum scour depth after a flood could be predicted from Eq.(7) or estimated by the subsequent equation

关 键 词：洪水冲刷 非恒定水流 黄河 河床演变 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]