天水蜜桃开花期不同措施防霜效果试验初报  

Effect of Different Frost Protection Experiments During Peach Flowering Period in Tianshui

作　　者：姚晓红[1,2] 许彦平[2] 万信[3] 贾建英[3] 李彦军 吴婷芳 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,兰州730020 [2]甘肃省天水市气象局,天水741000 [3]甘肃省气象局,兰州730020 [4]甘肃省秦安县果业局,秦安741010

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2014年第3期299-304,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中国北方果树霜冻灾害防御关键技术研究(GYHY201206023)

摘　　要：试验设地面覆膜和树冠盖膜防霜措施,并将其与灌水、喷药、烟熏等传统防霜措施进行有机结合,形成共9个防霜措施试验设计,以无防霜措施为对照,通过2013年4月6日（最低气温-4.7℃）、10日（最低气温-3.1℃）两次霜冻天气过程进行防霜试验。结果表明,各种防霜措施均有一定保温防霜效果,其中以树冠盖膜、地表覆膜烟熏和无膜桃园喷药（碧护）烟熏3种措施的防霜效果最佳,桃树冠层1m处平均最低温度较对照偏高1.7-3.0℃,0℃以下低温持续时间减少6-7h,桃花受冻率降低25.3-68.7个百分点。各试验处理两次霜冻过程花蕾均未受冻,但对照桃园蕾苞有明显受冻现象,受冻率分别达33.3%和50.0%。利用试验及相关调查资料,分析蜜桃花期霜冻灾害指标,并建立统计模型对不同低温及其持续时间下的桃花受冻率进行测算,测算结果与实况调查基本一致。因此,根据桃树春季花蕾期不同发育进程和霜冻强度,选择适宜的防霜措施,对有效防御花期霜冻灾害,减轻冻害损失具有一定指导意义和推广前景。The experiment was designed for 9 frost film with traditional irrigation, spraying and smoky, protection treatments, including ground plastic film, canopy plastic taking the test without frost protection as a control. The experiment confronted with two frost weather processes on 6tSApril 2013 （the minimum temperature was -4.7℃ ）and 10th April 2013 （the minimum temperature was -3. 1℃ ）. The results showed that all treatments had some certain effect on keeping warm and frost prevention, especially the treatments of canopy plastic film, ground plastic film and smoky, spraying and smoky. The average minimum temperature of the canopy at lm height was higher 1.7 -3.0℃ than that of without frost protection. The lasting time of cold temperature below 0℃ decreased 6 -7h. The frozen rate of peach flower reduced 25.3 -68.7 percentage points. The bud was not frozen under all treatments. But the tree without frost protection measure was frozen obviously and the frozen rate was up to 33.3% and 50%. The frost disaster index of peach during flowering period has been analyzed by using this experiment and related survey data. The peach frozen rate was calculated with the statistical model under the conditions of different low temperatures and different lasting time of low temperature. The calculation was agreement with the investigation closely. The result was helpful to selecting appropriate frost prevention measures to reduce disaster loss for peaches.

关 键 词：蜜桃 地面覆膜 树冠盖膜 组合 防霜试验 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S425[农业科学—园艺学]