再论崇祯改历期间西法交食预报的时制与精度  

Re-discussion on the Chronometry and Accuracy of the Eclipse Predictions Calculated using Western Astronomical Methods during the Chongzhen Calendar Reform

作　　者：褚龙飞[1] 石云里[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2014年第2期121-137,共17页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:11173022)

摘　　要：交食预报中的时制问题是崇祯改历中的一个重要技术环节,在改历之初曾引起过专门讨论。通过对其间西法推算的24次交食预报分析发现,西法预报交食所用时制不仅经历了从算外到算内再到算外、从九十六刻制到百刻制再到九十六刻制的转变,而且其使用百刻制中小刻的位置也比较特别,这说明历局在交食预报上并未实现时制的前后统一。考虑到这一因素,有必要对这些预报的精度进行重新分析。The chronometry of eclipse predictions was an important technical step during the Chongzhen calendar reform. It was discussed exclusively at the beginning of the calendar reform. By analyzing 24 eclipse calculations, we found that the chronometry used in these eclipse predictions with Western astronomical methods was not constant. It changed from the Suanwai style to the Suannei style and then back to the Suanwai style again, as well as from the ninety-six-ke-per-day system （fiushiliu ke zhi, 1 ke = 15 minutes） to the Chinese traditional hundred-ke-per-day system （ bai ke zhi, 1 ke = 14. 4 minutes） and then back to the ninety-six-ke-per-day system again. Moreover, even in those eclipse predictions using the hundred-ke-per-day system, the small ke was actually placed at the beginning of the hour, rather than, as had been supposed, at the end of the hour. Based on this, the accuracy of these eclipse predictions is also reanalyzed in this paper. Key words Chongzhen calendar reform, Western astronomical method, eclipse predictions, chronometry

关 键 词：崇祯改历 西法 交食预报 时制 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-092[天文地球—天文学]