考虑种植风险的灌区供水量优化配置研究  

Research on Optimal Allocation of Irrigation Water Supply Considering Planting Risk

作　　者：王仰仁[1] 刘群昌[2] 韩娜娜[1] 章少辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水利工程学院,天津300384 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《天津农学院学报》2014年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"灌区实时灌溉预报与输配水标准化技术与设备"(2012BAD08B01);水利部公益性行业科研专项"高标准农田水利工程建设技术与模式研究"(201201001)

摘　　要：为了避免灌溉水量优化配置求解结果中粮食作物供水量为零的情况,通常在模型中设置粮食作物最小灌溉面积或最低产量的约束,该约束的设置能够显著降低优化模型的客观性。鉴于此,本研究在灌区灌溉供水量优化配置模型中引入了种植风险系数。该模型以灌区灌溉增产效益最大为目标,利用作物水分生产函数,同时给出了不同作物的优化灌溉用水量和优化灌溉面积,实现了灌区灌溉水资源的优化分配。以山西省夹马口灌区为例进行了分析研究,求解的作物灌溉面积占总灌溉面积的比例与灌区现状非常一致,表明该模型合理可靠,可用于指导灌区灌溉用水管理。该研究结果对灌区农户合理确定种植结构也具有重要参考价值。In order to avoid that the quantity of irrigation water supply for food crops is zero, the minimum irrigated area or yield constraints for these crops are omen added to a model of optimizing the allocation of irrigation water supply, and it significantly reduces the objectivity of the optimization model. Planting risk coefficient was introduced to the model of optimal allocation for irrigation water supply in this paper firstly. The model takes the maximum benefits for irrigation as the goal. An optimal allocation of irrigation water supply and irrigation area for different crops can be obtained by running the model, and the optimal allocation of irrigation water resources is realized using the crop water production fimction. The ratio of crop irrigation area to total irrigation area was calculated by using this model for Jiamakou irrigation district of Shanxi province, the results fitted well with the present ratio in the irrigation district. It shows that the model was reasonable and reliable, and could be used to guide the management of irrigation water in irrigation district. The results also have important reference values for guiding farmers to determine planting structure reasonably.

关 键 词：灌区 灌溉供水量 优化配置 风险系数 作物水分生产函数 

分 类 号：P641.131[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] S152.72[天文地球—地质学]