也论美国公共信托理论的形成与发展  

Also Concerning the Formation and Development of the Public Trust Doctrine in United States

作　　者：王灵波[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215011

出　　处：《河北法学》2014年第8期140-150,共11页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<行政许可中特许权的物权属性与制度构建研究>(09BFX020)的阶段性研究成果之一;江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目<宪政民主下的公共信托理论>(CXZZ13_0770)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：为回应20世纪末的自然资源和环境危机,美国广泛适用公共信托理论。公共信托理论是普通法的一部分,甚至可追溯至罗马帝国。实际上罗马法并没有信托的思想,其实质起源于19世纪的一系列来源,最基本的是旧/新"斯多葛学派思想"和公共资源应对所有人共同适用的自然法观念。此外,还有英国出现的君主制公共角色和个人角色之区别也是美国公共信托的起源。以历史为视角,追溯罗马法和普通法中公共信托思想的起源。In response to the natural resources and environmental crisis of the latter half of the twentieth century, the United States broadly applies to the public trust doctrine. The public trust doctrine is part of the common law and dates back to the Roman Empire. In reality, Roman law was innocent of the idea of trust. It really arose in nineteenth century from a variety of sources. The fundamental one is the old/ new ＂Stoic＂ and natural law sentiment that public resources should be common to all. Added to that sentiment was the distinction then emerging in England between the public and private roles of the sovereign. This text traces the origin of the idea of trusts in Roman Law and Common Law from historical analysis.

关 键 词：美国公共信托 自然资源 环境危机 罗马法 普通法 适用模式 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]