有跌倒史老年人在不同行走状态下足底压力特征研究  

Plantar pressure characteristics of elderly people with fall histories in different walking conditions

作　　者：陈岩[1] 孙威[2] 杨帆[1] 葛新发[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东体育学院,山东济南250102 [2]山东省体育科学研究中心,山东济南250102

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2014年第3期57-60,共4页Journal of Shandong Sport University

基　　金：山东省高等学校科技计划项目"有无跌倒史的老年人在肌力;平衡与步态上的差异性研究(J12LE05)"

摘　　要：目的：研究有跌倒史老年人在不同行走状态下足底压力特征。方法：采用比利时Rss—can足底压力测试系统测试有跌倒史老年人（跌倒组10名）和无跌倒史老年（对照组10名）在正常行走和跨越障碍时足底压力特征参数。结果：正常行走时，跌倒组左右足两个波峰值均小于对照组，且具有显著性差异（P〈0．05），跌倒组右足在第2—5趾骨、第1跖骨、第4跖骨和第5跖骨压力峰值显著大于左足（P〈0．05），对照组只有在第1跖骨和足中部压力峰值差异具有显著性（P〈0．05），跌倒组右足压力中心轨迹在x轴移动范围显著小于左足（P〈0．05）；跨越障碍时，两组左足（支撑足）波峰值都会下降，其中对照组左足波峰值下降显著（P〈O．05），但大于跌倒组（19〉0．05），两组左足（支撑足）在第1趾骨和足中部压力峰值有显著性差异（P〈0．05），跌倒组右足压力中心轨迹在x轴移动范围显著大于正常行走（P〈0．05），也显著大于对照组（P〈0．05），而在Y轴移动范围显著小于正常行走（P〈0．05）。由此发现有跌倒史老年人左右足底受压不对称和压力中心轨迹不一致，在跨越障碍时足地接触时间延长和足侧向摆动增大，导致跌倒风险增加。Objective ： To study the plantar pressure characteristics of elderly people with fall histories. Methods：The Rsscan plantar pressure test system （Belgium）was used to test elderly people with or without fall histories in different walking conditions. They were divided into two groups（fall group 10people and control group 10 people）. Results：When they walked normally, the wave crest values ofelderly people with fall group were significantly lower than the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） group, the left foot crest values were significantly greater than the right foot in Toe 2 -5, In fall Metal, Meta4 and Meta5 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, but in control group, the significant differences only showed in Metal and Mid Foot （ P 〈 0.05 ）. In fall group, the right foot pressure center moving range on X axis wassignificantly smaller than the left foot（ P 〈 0.05 ）. When they stepped over barriers, the left foot wave crest values were all decreased, but the decrease is greater in control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The left foot crest values had significant differences in Toel and Mid Foot（ P 〈 0.05 ）in both groups. In fall group, the right foot pressure center moving range on X axis was significantly greater than walking normally and that than control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. In fall group the right foot pressure center moving range on Y axis was significantly less than walking normally （ P 〈0. 05 ）. Above all, elderly people with fall histories showed the characteristic of asymmetric plantar pressure and inconsistent pressure center track. When they step over barriers, the foot and ground contact time is longer and the foot lateralswing is bigger,which result in greater fall risks.

关 键 词：老年人 跌倒史 足底压力 正常行走 跨越障碍 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]