清末以来广西人开拓马来亚半岛的历史生态  

The Guangxi's Settlers and their Historical Situation in Malaya Since Late Qing Period

作　　者：王琛发 

机构地区：[1]马来西亚大同韩新传播学院,马来西亚吉隆坡56000

出　　处：《八桂侨刊》2014年第1期50-57,共8页Overseas Chinese Journal of Bagui

摘　　要：从现有文献史料梳理桂籍先民大批南下马来半岛的历史,时间当在1880年后。此前,马来半岛各地不同籍贯华人帮群曾经长期互相纠纷,不见广西人有组织参与的记录。1883年在新加坡才成立有五合公司,主要依靠清代博白县人与广东高廉州同乡联合方得成势,可以反映广西人在南洋华人之间并非主要势力。在清代至民初下南洋广西先贤之间,其中较早从北海陆续出洋的,多是来自陆川、博白、贵县、兴业等县客家人,较后又有来自容县等白话县份的先民取道香港南下;他们上岸地点可能包括今日泰国南部与新加坡,并从当地分散到南洋各地区,形成以矿区或农园生产为主流的广西村。五合公司在20世纪初期改名"三和会馆",其成员约5 000余众,分散在南洋英、荷属殖民地谋生。随着马来半岛历经日本军事占领、英殖剿共政策等历次政治变迁,如今,很多原来的广西村面貌不再,有些在地图上已消失,即使讲客家话和讲白话的"广西村"亦可能互相转变。这导致目前研究的困难,但也说明马来半岛的广西研究刻不容缓。According to the exiting historical records and relics, the mass settlement of Guangxi settlerrs to Peninsular Malaya collectively was only possible happened after 1880. Back to the history before 1880, it is lack of records to show the participation of Guangxi people involving in the long term disputes of different Chinese Societies. The ＂Five unity （五合）Public Company＂ was only founded in Singapore in 1883, which had come into being with the support of countryman from Bobai county and Gaolian County in Guangdong in Qing dynasty. This shows the Guangxi settlers were the minority among the local Chinese society. Majority of those pioneers were Hakka settlers from Guangxi＇s district such as Lu Chuan, Bo bai, Gui and Xing Ye who went oversea by Beihai Port, and later followed by those mainly origined from Rong District with cantonist dialect who collectively went out from Hong Kong. It is believed that they first landed in today＇s Soutern Thailand and Singapore and then spread to various area of South East Asia and developed severals mining and agricutural villages. During the early period of 20th century , while the ＂Five unity （ 五合 ）＂ re-extablished as ＂ San He （ 三和 ）Association ＂ which meant seeking of harmony for people from three origins （Guangxi Province, Gao County and Lian County）, there were about 5000 members settled in British and Dutch colonies for their living. After the continuous political changed in Malaya, including the Japanese military occupation and the British colonial anti-Communist policies , many of the original Guangxi villages in Malaya were forced to change , such as some Hakka or Cantonese speaking Guangxi villages may change their popular dialect, many even disappeared from the map. This may lead to the difficulties of current Overseas Guangxi Studies , but it also reflects the urgency of the strengthen and deepening of Overseas Guangxi Studies.

关 键 词：清末以降 同乡组织 广西村 马来亚半岛 

分 类 号：D634[政治法律—政治学] K338[政治法律—中外政治制度]