西安地区霾天气特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis of haze weather characteristics and influencing factors in Xi'an area

作　　者：胡琳[1] 苏静 陈建文[1] 李亚莉[3] 王琦[1] 张文静[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气候中心 [2]陕西省大气探测中心 [3]陕西省气象信息中心

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年第7期41-45,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：陕西省科技厅社发攻关项目(2012K12-01-03);陕西省气象局博士基金项目(2012B-4)资助

摘　　要：利用西安气象站建站以来的日平均相对湿度和能见度以及天气现象资料,根据吴兑的日均值法定义霾日,重建了1951-2012年的霾气候数据序列,分析了西安霾日数的变化规律,同时应用2009年的污染物资料和地面、探空气象数据分析了西安霾天气与颗粒物质量浓度及气象要素的关系。结果表明:西安市霾日数多年平均为40.1d,并呈逐年增长趋势;霾天气多出现于秋、冬季节,其中冬季1月和12月为霾出现日数最多和次多;颗粒物质量浓度的变化是霾天气出现的内因,其质量浓度的增大有利于霾的出现;而气象因子是霾天气的外因,小风、高湿、气压场的变化、逆温层厚度增加及混合层高度降低是产生霾的有利条件。In this paper we used the daily average relative humidity , visibility and weather data to rebuild the climate data of haze weather from 1951 to 2012 according to Wu Dui＇s definition of average value method, and analyze the variation regularity of Xi＇an haze day number. We selected the mass concentration data of PM10 and PM2.5, ground and meteorological data in 2009 to discuss the relationship between Xi＇an haze and mass concentration and meteorological factors. The results show that average annual haze days of Xi＇an from 1951 to 2012 was 40.1 d and the curve showed obvious growth trend. Haze weather mostly appeared in the fall and winter, the av erage monthly haze days showed W distribution. In January and December haze days were the most and second. The increase of mass concentration of pollutants was an important factor for the haze weather; meteorological factors was another main factor for haze weather. Little wind speed, higher relative humidity, changes of pressure field, increasing of inversion layer thickness and reduction of mixed layer height were all the favorable conditions for haze.

关 键 词：霾天气 气候特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]