黄土丘陵沟壑区不同空间尺度地貌单元产流时间尺度特征  

Runoff characteristics of different geomorphic unit at different spatial-temporal scales in the Loess hilly-gully region

作　　者：王玲玲[1,2] 姚文艺[2] 黄静[2,3] 娄萱[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [3]华北水利水电学院,郑州450011

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年第7期96-99,共4页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(973)(2011CB403303);水利部公益性行业专项(201201081)资助

摘　　要：以黄土丘陵沟壑区桥沟流域为原型观测流域,利用流域内的水文站网、不同地貌单元大型径流场等观测设施,分析了不同空间尺度地貌单元在年、次降雨时间尺度下的产流特征。结果表明:在年时间尺度上,不同空间尺度地貌单元多年平均径流量表现为:梁峁坡<沟谷坡<坡沟系统<一支沟<二支沟<全流域,而多年平均径流模数,随着空间尺度的增加,径流模型呈现"增加-峰值-减少"的趋势;在次降雨时间尺度上,当空间尺度由坡面尺度增加到流域尺度时,径流系数急剧减小,坡面尺度的径流系数是流域尺度的3.4倍,但在同一空间尺度范围内,径流系数在不同的地貌单元呈现波动变化。The runoff characters of different geomorphic unit at different spatial scales were studied by the prototype observation facilities including three hydrological stations and three field runoff plots, which were located in the Qiao Gully. The results showed that for the long - time scale the average annual runoff of different topographical unit increased with the increase of spatial scale, but the runoff modulus showed an ＂ increase - peak - re- duce＂ tendency. Namely, the runoff modulus From hillyslope to hillyslopegullyslope erosion modulus inreased and at the gullyslope it reached the peak. Then, the runoff modulus decreased with the increase of spatial scale. For the single rainstorm event, the runoff coefficient reduced dramatically when the spatial scale increased from slope to watershed. But at the same spatial scale, the runoff coefficients fluctuated at different geo- morphic unit.

关 键 词：产流特征 地貌单元 空间尺度 时间尺度 黄土丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]