塔里木河流域不同作物化肥施用时空变化及贡献率分析  

Contribution rate and change of fertilizer input in different planting structures in Tarim River Basin

作　　者：颜璐[1] 马惠兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学管理学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学经济与贸易学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第3期587-595,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71163041);自治区高校科研计划科学研究重点项目(XJEDU2010I27)

摘　　要：化肥作为农业生产的重要物质投入,对农作物产出的影响较大,但如何评价化肥施用的增产效应及贡献率,目前还没有很多的研究,特别是对塔里木河流域农业生产中的化肥施用贡献率也没有看到相关研究报道。在分析塔里木河流域不同作物(小麦、玉米、棉花和苹果)化肥施用变动及各地州化肥施用结构变动的基础上,通过构建C-D生产函数,测算了塔河流域粮食、棉花和苹果3种作物的化肥、劳动力和机械投入的弹性系数,进一步估算了流域五地州农业生产的化肥贡献率,得出化肥施用对林果业和粮食的贡献较高;而且化肥施用增长幅度大的地区,化肥贡献率也高。表明塔里木河流域不同种植结构农作物产出对化肥施用的依赖程度还较高。Fertilizers,an important material input in agricultural production,have tremendous influences on the growth of crops yield. A small number of researches on assessment of the contribution of fertilizer to the growth of crops output can be found at the moment,the covering research on the contribution ratios of fertilizer to agricultural production in the Tarim River Basin,however,has yet not reported till now. Firstly,this paper analyzes the change of fertilizers input in different planting structures in the Tarim River Basin from 2000 to 2010,and comes to the following conclusions：（1） The amount of fertilizer input in different crops （wheat,maize,cotton and apple） in the Tarim River Basin shows consistent and fast growth,albeit with turbulent trends,and is much higher than the average level of fertilizer usage in both Xinjiang and China as a whole. （2） The main types of fertilizers used in the Tarim River Basin are nitrogen and phosphorus,while potassium is employed with small percentage. （3） The fertilizer input in the region of Kashi and Aksu consists of large proportion of total five prefectures in the Tarim River Basin,and that in Bayingolin Prefecture presents the highest increase range. Also,this paper calculates input elasticity index of fertilizer,labor and machinery by constructing Cobb-Douglas（C-D） production function,and then estimates the contribution rates of fertilizer in the different agricultural production structures in five regions of the Tarim River basin. The empirical results can be summarized as follows：（1） During the period of 2000-2010,the contribution of fertilizer usage in Tarim River Basin to fruits and grain production is much higher with the percentage of 32.88 and 20.04 respectively,whereas the contribution ratio of fertilizer to cotton is relatively lower （7.77%）,which illustrates that the yield growth of grain and fruits in the Tarim River Basin highly depends on the increase of fertilizer input. （2） The contribution ratio of fertilizer to corps �

关 键 词：塔里木河流域 化肥施用 C—D生产函数 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]