不同光周期条件下棉花粉蚧的生长发育和种群增长能力  

Development and population growth of the cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis( Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae),under different photoperiods

作　　者：王超[1] 陈芳[1] 陆永跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学昆虫学系,广州510642

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2014年第4期428-435,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171855)

摘　　要：【目的】研究阐明不同光周期条件下棉花粉蚧PhenacoccussolenopsisTinsley实验种群的发育历期、繁殖和数量动态规律，为制定该虫防治对策、研究治理措施等提供科学依据。【方法】以扶桑为寄主，在温度27±1℃、相对湿度70％±5％、光照强度4000lx及不同光周期（8L：16D，10L：14D，12L：12D，14L：10D和16L：8D）条件下，观察了棉花粉蚧实验种群的生长发育特性和繁殖能力，组建了实验种群生命表。【结果】不同光周期处理下棉花粉蚧1龄若虫和3龄若虫的发育历期及雌成虫产仔量均发生了变化，但不同龄期若虫存活率之间差异不大。随着光照时间增加，棉花粉蚧1龄若虫、3龄若虫发育速率加快，8h光照时发育历期分别为5．43d和6．35d，而16h光照时发育历期分别缩短至4．16d和4．75d；整个若虫发育历期也由8h光照时的15．54d缩短至16h光照时的12．74d，世代历期由27．75d缩短至23．45d。长光照时雌虫更早进入产仔期，也有利于雌虫繁殖后代，16h光照时进入产仔期是18日龄，8和10h光照时均推迟至22日龄；16h光照时单雌产仔量为417．06头，明显高于12，10和8h光照时的353．59，347．61和336．00头。长光照条件下实验种群趋势指数（I）明显较大，增长潜能更大，16，10和8h光照时种群趋势指数分别为175．37，133．94和141．99。该虫生命表参数表明，随着光照时间加长净增值率（R0）呈逐渐增大趋势，8，10，12，14和16h光照时分别为88．57，86．85，100．77，124．16和126．86；内禀增长率、周限增长率表现类似的规律，8—16h光照时内禀增长率（rm）为0．1616—0．2066，周限增长率（λ）为1．1754—1．2294；而种群倍增时间（t）则随着光照时加长而缩短，8～16h光照时为4．29—3．36d。【结论】长光照有利于棉花粉蚧生长发育和繁殖，世代历期缩短，种群增长潜能变强。[ Aim ] To reveal the effects of different photoperiods on the developmental duration, fecundity and dynamics for the laboratory population of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, and provide the scientific basis for control measures of the mealybug. [ Methods ] The mealybug population was fed on Hibiscus rosa sinensis under the conditions of temperature 27 ±1 ℃, relative humidity 70%± 5% , illumination intensity 4 000 lx. The developmental duration, survival rate, and fecundity of the mealybug were observed, and the life tables were constructed under different photoperiods （8L： 16D, 10L： 14D, 12L： 12D, 14L： 10D and 16L： 8D, respectively）. [ Results] The developmental durations of the 1 st and 3rd instar nymphs and the fecundities of female adults varied significantly among different photoperiods, while the survival rates of all nymphal stages were not significantly different. The developmental rate of the 1st and 3rd instar nymph of P. solenopsis accelerated as the light period increased, which were 5.43 and 6.35 d under 8 h light period, and 4.16 and 4.75 d under 16 h light period, respectively. The whole nymphal durations under 8 h and 16 h light periods were 15.54 and 12.74 d, and the generation durations were 27. 75 and 23.45 d, respectively. The female adults produced offsprings earlier and had higher fecundity under longer light period. The pre-ovipositional durations for the female under the light periods of 16, 10 and 8 h were 18, 22, and 22 d, respectively.The number of offsprings produced per female under 16 h light period was 417. 06, which was significantly higher than those under the 12, 10, and 8 h light periods （353.59, 347.61, and 336.00, respectively）. The population trend indices （I） and growth potential were bigger under the longer light periods. The I values under 16, 10 and 8 h light periods were 175. 37, 133. 94 and 141. 99, respectively. The net reproductive rate （R0 ）, the intrinsic rate of increase （rm） and the finite rate of increase （

关 键 词：棉花粉蚧 光周期 发育历期 生命表 种群增长能力 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]