东北丘陵区沟蚀发展现状及影响因素分析  

DEVELOPMENT OF GULLY EROSION AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN HILLY REGIONS OF NORTHEAST CHINA

作　　者：许晓鸿[1] 隋媛媛[1,2] 张瑜[1] 欧洋[2] 罗莉莉 李阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,长春130033 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [3]梅河口市水土保持工作站,吉林梅河口135000

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第4期699-708,共10页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划重点项目(20120409);国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2011BAD31B01)资助

摘　　要：选取第一次全国水利普查土壤水蚀普查中吉林省梅河口市6个野外调查单元作为典型研究区,采用野外实地调查与地理信息技术相结合的方法,对东北低山丘陵区坡耕地沟蚀发展现状及影响因素进行调查分析。结果表明:(1)研究区6个调查单元总面积为142.9 hm2,侵蚀沟数量共93条,沟长共5 476 m,沟壑密度3.83 km km-2,总侵蚀量为4 575 m3。其中切沟沟长占总沟长的61.03%,侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的92.35%。(2)研究区沟蚀发展现状严峻,其中小杨乡、红梅镇、双兴乡和一座营镇沟蚀强度为剧烈,沟道密度分别为7.12、4.63、5.55和4.25 km km-2。牛心顶镇和海龙镇沟蚀强度分别为强烈和中度。(3)坡度是研究区坡耕地沟蚀发育发展的重要因子,与沟壑密度存在较强线性相关,相关系数为0.71(p<0.05),在坡度大于8°时沟壑密度最大。(4)沟壑密度随坡长的增大而先增大后减小,在坡长200～299 m内最大,超过500 m后逐渐降低。(5)沟壑密度与流域长宽比具有较强的相关性,相关系数为0.83(p<0.05),沟壑密度随流域长宽比的增大而减少。Six field investigation sites in Meihekou City, Jilin Province, which were also covered by the first national water conservancy survey of China for water erosion survey, were chosen as typical research sites in the study on develop- ment of gully erosion and its influencing factors in hilly regions with cultivated slope land in Northeast China, using field investigations coupled with geographical information technology （GIS）. As results show, （ 1 ） in the six investigation units, 142.9 hm2 in total area, 93 erosion gullies were found, making up 5 476 m in length, 3.83 km km- 2 in gully den- sity and 4 575 m3 in gross erosion, and accounting for 61.03% of the total valleys in length and 92.35% of the gross ero- sion of the region; （2） gully erosion was quite severe in the study region, of which Xiaoyang Township, Hongmei Town, Shuangxing Township and Yizuoying Town fell into the category of ＂Severe＂ in gully erosion intensity, with gully density reaching 7.12, 4.63, 5.55 and 4.25 km kin- 2 respectively, Niuxinding Town and Hailong Town was sorted into the category of ＂Strong＂ and ＂ Moderate＂ , respectively ; （3） slope gradient was a critical factor of the development of gully ero- sion in cultivated slope land and in significant linear relationship with gully density with correlation coefficient being 0.71 （p 〈 0.05）. The greatest gully density appeared on a slope with gradient 〉 8~; （4） with a slope extending on and on, gully density increased first and then gradually decreased, that is, peaking when a slope varied in the range of 200 -299 m in length, and declining gradually when a slope was longer than 500 m; （5） gully density was quite closely related to the length / width ratio, with correlation coefficient being 0.83 （p 〈 0.05） and it decreased with the length / width ratio increasing.

关 键 词：东北低山丘陵区 坡耕地 侵蚀沟 沟壑密度 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]