两种除草剂的土壤生态效应及其对后茬作物生长的影响  

EFFECTS OF TWO KINDS OF HERBICIDES ON PADDY SOIL ECOLOGY AND GROWTH OF SUCCEEDING CROPS

作　　者：谢志坚[1,2] 李海蓝[2] 徐昌旭[1] 张嵚[3] 刘光荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330200 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第4期880-887,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005);江西省农业科学院科技创新及成果转化基金(2009创-4)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验研究了两种不同类型除草剂(二氯喹啉酸和苄·丁)及其不同施用剂量对稻田土壤生物学特征和后茬作物生长的影响。结果表明,施用除草剂苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸均不利于后茬冬季绿肥作物紫云英植株干物质的累积,而且随着除草剂的施用量越多,干物质累积越少。低剂量的苄·丁显著降低了紫云英植株中N素累积量,而二氯喹啉酸降低紫云英植株中N和K累积量;施用高剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸则降低了紫云英植株中N、P和K的累积量。无论是施用低剂量还是高剂量的苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸均降低土壤中N、K养分的有效性。低剂量二氯喹啉酸对土壤中有效磷含量影响不显著,而施用高剂量二氯喹啉酸显著降低P素养分有效性。施用低剂量苄·丁对土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性的影响均不显著,而低剂量二氯喹啉酸则显著抑制了过氧化氢酶活性。施用高剂量苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸对土壤中蔗糖酶活性影响不显著,但均抑制了过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性。此外,施用低剂量和高剂量苄·丁增加了土壤中细菌数量,而二氯喹啉酸则正好相反。两种剂量的苄·丁和二氯喹啉酸均减少了土壤中放线菌数量,但对真菌数量变化不显著。由此可见,稻田施用二氯喹啉酸对稻田土壤环境以及后茬冬季紫云英作物的药害大于苄·丁。A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of two kinds of herbicides,varying in dosage,on bio-characteristics of paddy soil and nutrients absorption and accumulation of succeeding crops. Results show that the application of either bensulfuron-methyl butachlor or quinclorac in paddy soil decreased the dry matter weight of Chinese milk vetch, and the higher the application rate,the less the dry matter accumulated. Low doses of bensulfuron-methyl butachlor significantly decreased N accumulation in Chinese milk vetch,while low doses of quinclorac decreased not only N,also K accumulation in the plant. And high doses of either of the two herbicides decreased N, P and K accumulation in the plant. The application of either bensulfuron-methyl butachlor or quinclorac,regardless of dosage, decreased the availability of soil N and K. Low doses of quinclorac did not affect much available P content in the soil,while high doses of the herbicide did significantly decrease the availability of soil P. Low doses of bensulfuron-methyl ~ butachlor did not have much influence on the activities of catalase, sucrase and urease in the soil,while low doses of quinclorac inhibited markedly the activities of catalase. High doses of either of the herbicides did not affect much the activity of sucrase, but did inhibit those of catalase and urease. Furthermore, the application of bensulfuron-methyl butachlor, either high or low in dosage, increased the amount of bacteria, and while that of quinclorac acted just reversely. The application of either of the herbicides at either high or low rate, decreased the amount of actinomyce, but did not cause much change in that. It is,therefore,quite clear that,the application of quinclorac in paddy field is more harmful to the paddy soil environment and the growth of Chinese milk vetch than bensulfuron-methyl · butachlor.

关 键 词：除草剂 水稻土 生物学特性 后茬作物 养分吸收累积 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学] S182[农业科学—植物保护]