紫云英还田配施化肥对单季晚稻养分利用和产量的影响  

EFFECTS OF INCORPORATION OF CHINESE MILK VETCH COUPLED WITH APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZER ON NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND YIELD OF SINGLE-CROPPING LATE RICE

作　　者：王建红[1] 曹凯[1] 张贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第4期888-896,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005);浙江省重大科技专项重点农业项目(2009C12001)资助

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨紫云英较高鲜草翻压量条件下配施不同比例常规用量化肥对单季晚稻养分吸收、养分利用效率和产量的影响。试验设置7个处理:CK(不翻压紫云英和不施化肥),CF(常规用量施肥)及翻压45 t hm-2(GM45)紫云英鲜草配施0、20%、40%、60%和80%常规用量化肥(CF)。在浙江省金华市蒋堂农业科学试验站进行为期2年的田间试验,结果表明,在所有的紫云英翻压配施化肥处理中,虽然水稻N、P、K的总吸收量以GM45+80%CF处理最高,但稻谷P、K养分最高吸收量出现在GM45+40%CF处理中,水稻养分内部利用效率随化肥配施量的增加而降低;水稻的N、P和K的农学利用效率和稻谷产量均以GM45+40%CF处理最高。从提高肥料利用率和降低环境风险的角度出发,紫云英鲜草异地还田量为45 t hm-2时,以配施N 80.6 kg hm-2、P2O521.5 kg hm-2和K2O 43.3 kg hm-2为宜。与CK处理相比,CF和紫云英鲜草翻压配施化肥处理的稻谷产量分别提高13.7%和8.5%～17.4%。在紫云英—单季晚稻耕作制中,紫云英异地还田量45 t hm-2不会使单季晚稻苗期产生僵苗现象。A field experiment was conducted at liangtang Agricultural Experiment Station, linhua City, Zhejiang Province, China to explore effects of incorporation of Chinese milk vetch coupled with application of chemical fertilizer on nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, and yield of single-cropping late rice and hence to determine optimal application rate of chemical fertilizer in addition to incorporation of Chinese milk vetch at the rate of 45 t hm-2 fresh grass （GM45）. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments： CK （no fertilizers and no Chinese milk vetch） , CF （conventional chemical fertilizer rate） , GM45 , GM45 ＋ 20% CF, GM45 ＋ 40% CF, GM45 ＋ 60% CF and GM45 ＋ 80% CF. Results of the 2 year （2011 -2012） field experiment show that among all the GM4s treatments, Treatment GM4~ ＋ 80% CF was the highest in total N, P, and K uptake by rice, but Treatment GM4s ＋ 40% CF, the highest in N, P, and K uptake by grain, and the internal nutrient use efficiency decreased with increasing chemical fertilizer application rate. However, treatment GM4s ＋40% CF was the highest in both NPK agronomic use efficiency and grain yield. From the angle of improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing environmental risk, in addition to incorporation of 45 t hm-Z of fresh Chinese milk vetch produced in other fields, N 80.6 kg hm-2, P2O5 21.5kg hm-2 and K20 43.3 kg hm-2 are recommended. Compared with treatment CK, treatment CF and treatments （GM45, GM45 ＋20% CF, GM45 ＋40% CF, GM45 ＋ 60% CF and GM45 ＋ 80% CF） increased grain yield by 13.7% and 8.5% - 17.4% , respectively. In the cropping system of Chinese milk vetch-single-cropping late rice, incorporation of 45 t hm-Zfresh Chinese milk vetch will not result in the seedling.

关 键 词：紫云英 单季晚稻 养分吸收 产量 养分利用率 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]