加入不同量生物质炭盐渍化土壤盐分淋洗的差异与特征  

SALT LEACHING IN THE SALINE SOIL RELATIVE TO RATE OF BIOCHAR APPLIED

作　　者：岳燕[1] 郭维娜[1] 林启美[1] 李贵桐[1] 赵小蓉[1] 伍桂芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《土壤学报》2014年第4期914-919,共6页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC02B06)资助

摘　　要：生物质炭作为土壤调理剂,能够显著地改良培肥土壤,但对盐渍化土壤盐分淋洗的影响缺乏研究和了解。本研究采用土柱模拟试验,将蘑菇棒生物质炭按照不同的质量比(0%、2%、5%、10%),添加到内蒙古河套地区硫酸盐盐渍化土壤0～20 cm的土层中,并进行淋洗,测定淋出液和土壤盐分及主要盐分离子含量,以期了解生物质炭对土壤盐分和主要盐分离子洗脱的影响。结果表明:加入生物质炭的土柱,淋洗液出现的时间提前了5～36 d,电导率降低至<5 mS cm-1缩短了41～100 d;生物质炭加入量越大,淋洗液出现的时间越早,电导率降低至<5 mS cm-1所需的时间也越少。其中,生物质炭用量2%的处理,淋洗结束表层脱盐效果较好,含盐量与对照相比降低了34.25%。显然,向盐渍化土壤加入生物质炭,不仅能够缩短盐分洗脱时间,而且提高洗盐效率,但对盐分离子洗脱先后顺序及其速率,并没有表现出明显的影响。Biochar, as a soil conditioner, can significantly improve soil fertility. But few data are available about impacts of biochar on salt leaching in saline soil. In this experiment, different rates （0% , 2% , 5% , 10% , w/w） of biochar prepared out of mushroom residues were added into surface soil layer （0 - 20 em） of sulfate saline soil columns, separately, collected from Hetao, Inner Mongolia. Deionized water was added into the soil columns to form leaching and eluents from the columns were collected and analyzed for electrical conductivity （EC） and contents of some major salt ions, with a view to exploring effect of bioehar on leaching of salts and ions from saline soil. Results show that eluents from biochar-amended columns appeared 5 - 36 days earlier than that from the control column, and the higher the biochar application rate, the earlier the cluent, the shorter the time for EC declining below 5 mS cm-1. It could be shortened by 41 - 100 days. Biochar addition at a rate of 2% was the best desalination of the surface soil, reducing salt content by 34.25% as compared to CK. It is obvious now that addition of biochar can shorten the time of desalinization the soil and improve soil desalinization efficiency as well. However, no significant difference was observed between the effects of bio- char leaching different salt ions in sequence and rate of leaching.

关 键 词：盐渍化土壤 土柱 生物质炭 盐分淋洗 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]