土壤理化性质与生物活性对持续施用缓/控释尿素肥料的响应  

Responses of soil physicochemical properties and biological activity to continuous application of slow/controlled releasing urea

作　　者：丁济娜[1,2] 李东坡[1] 武志杰[1] 崔亚兰[1,2] 李会彬[1,2] 李永华 李擘 焦晓云 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第7期1769-1778,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B04;2012BAD05B01;2012BAD14B02);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2009BAD3B07);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-078)资助

摘　　要：为了明确连续施用缓/控释尿素肥料对潮棕壤的基本理化性质和生物活性的影响,对持续6年施用不同种缓/控释尿素肥料种植玉米土壤的基本理化性质和生物活性指标进行了测定和分析。结果表明:连续6年施用缓/控释尿素肥料后土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著增加,而全钾、碱解氮及pH值下降;持续施用缓/控释尿素可以减缓土壤pH的下降,缓释尿素肥料的pH显著高于包膜尿素的pH;施用缓/控释肥料的土壤脲酶活性高于施用普通尿素肥料,长期施用脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂结合及包膜的尿素肥料硝酸还原酶活性最高,且激活了土壤硝化作用潜势,包膜尿素肥料提高了土壤微生物生物量氮,添加硝化抑制剂类肥料提高了土壤中微生物生物量碳。总体来说,持续6年施用NBPT+DMPP+U和PCU肥料土壤生物活性高于其他处理,考虑到肥料成本和经济效应,NBPT和DMPP配施的尿素肥料更适用于潮棕壤上连续施用。The effects of six-year continuous applications of different types of slow /controlled release urea on biological activity and physicochemical properties of aquic brown soil were investigated. The results showed that soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased by continuous application of slow /controlled release urea,while total potassium,available nitrogen and pH were significantly decreased. The descent of pH was slowed down by continuous application of slow /controlled release urea compared to the use of normal urea,and the soil pH was higher after application with slow-release urea than with coated urea. Soil urease activity of slow /controlled release fertilizer treatments was higher than CK. Applications of nitrification inhibitors incorporated and coated urea resulted in the highest nitrate reductase activity and accelerated the nitrification potential activity. Application of nitrification inhibitors incorporated urea significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon. In conclusion,continuous six-year applications of NBPT ＋ DMPP ＋ U and PCU significantly increased biological activity in contrast to the other treatments. Considering the cost and economic effects of the different fertilizers,the urea supplemented with NBPT and DMPP is suitable for continuous application in aquic brown soil.

关 键 词：缓 控释尿素肥料 持续施肥 微生物生物量 硝化作用潜势 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]