橡胶树蒸腾特征及其与环境因子的关系  

Characteristics of transpiration of rubber trees( Hevea brasiliensis) and its relationship with environmental factors

作　　者：赵玮[1,2] 张一平[1] 宋清海[1] 张翔[1,2] 姬红利[1] Syed Moazzam Nizami 余雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,昆明650223 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第7期1803-1810,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271056;U1202234;31290221);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05020303;XDA05050601;XDA05050206);云南省自然科学基金项目(2011FB110);中国科学院"一三五"专项(XTBG-T03)资助

摘　　要：于2013年2—11月,应用Granier热消散探针对西双版纳地区橡胶树蒸腾进行了连续观测,并同步测定了环境因子(光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温、相对湿度和土壤含水量),结果表明:橡胶树蒸腾速率为昼高夜低的单峰曲线,晴天平均蒸腾速率、蒸腾量是雨天的4倍之多;雨季蒸腾启动时间较干季提前0.5～1.0 h、峰值时间较干季提前2.0～4.5 h,观测阶段日平均蒸腾量为27.84 kg·d-1;4月蒸腾量最大,其值为54.3 mm,11月蒸腾量最小,其值为29.6 mm。干季环境因子对蒸腾速率影响的大小顺序为:气温>相对湿度>PAR>土壤含水量,雨季为:PAR>相对湿度>气温>土壤含水量。干季橡胶林出现水分亏缺,但橡胶树通过其发达的根系可以获取深层土壤水,因此未对其造成严重的水分胁迫。Transpiration rate of rubber tree（Hevea brasiliensis） was measured continuously from February to November in 2013,using the Granier＇s thermal dissipation probe method. The main environmental factors（including air temperature,relative humidity,photosynthetically active radiation（PAR） and soil moisture） were also measured simultaneously. The results showed that the transpiration rate of rubber tree exhibited a unimodal pattern,with the value being higher during the daytime and lower at night. The average transpiration rate and daily transpiration of sunny day were 4 times more than those of rainy day. The transpiration started 0. 5- 1. 0 h earlier and the peak time was 2. 0- 4. 5 h earlier during the rainy season than during the dry season.During the study period,the average daily transpiration was 27. 84 kg·d^- 1. The largest amount of stand transpiration（54. 3 mm） occurred in April and minimum（29. 6 mm） in November.Environmental factors in terms of their effects on the transpiration rate were ranked as air temperature effects air relative humidity PAR soil moisture in the dry season,and PAR air relative humidity air temperature soil moisture in the rainy season. Despite water deficit during the dry season,the rubber tree can get deep soil water due to its well-developed root system,and is not affected by severe water stress.

关 键 词：橡胶树 蒸腾速率 环境因子 相关性 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]