顾及树木的城市三维建模及其在太阳能潜力评价中的应用  

3D Modeling of Urban Buildings and Trees and Its Application in Building-scale Solar Energy Potential Mapping

作　　者：张显峰[1] 吕扬[1] 刘羽[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2014年第3期415-425,共11页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41071257);国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2012BAH27B02;2012BAH27B03)

摘　　要：城市高大建筑与树木的阴影会影响周围相对低矮建筑能接受到的实际太阳直射辐射能的大小,建筑与树木的精确三维建模与描述是建筑物尺度太阳能资源潜力评价的难点之一.基于LiDAR点云数据和QuickBird影像数据,对城市地区的建筑物和树木进行了三维建模;再借助改进的容斥原理计算某时刻树木和建筑物的阴影面积;利用遥感手段反演逐时地表太阳辐照度;结合反演结果及光照面积,计算建筑物屋顶和墙面最终可获得的太阳辐射能;以南京市某建筑群为例,对所提出方法进行了应用.结果表明,本文提出的三维建模与阴影遮挡计算方法可较好地反应某建筑所能接受到的太阳辐射能.该结果可为太阳能相关设备的选择、安放以及建筑物能耗测算提供基础数据支持.Shading cast by tall trees and buildings in urban areas can limit the access of direct solar radiation to building facets. Detailed three-dimensional （3D） modeling and representation of trees and buildings are one of the challenges in urban building-scale solar energy potential assessment. This study presented a method to construct 3D models for buildings and trees using Light Detection and Ranging （LiDAR） point clouds and QuickBird image data. Shadows were modeled and calculated using the improved Inclusion-exclusion principle. Hourly direct normal irradiance was derived from remote sensing data. The solar energy received by building rooftops and facades was calculated by combining the retrieval results and illuminated areas. A building neighborhood in Nanjing City was selected to test the proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed approach can estimate the solar radiation energy received by a building. Thus it can provide fundamental data for solar-related equipment selection and installment, as well as building energy consumption estimation.

关 键 词：太阳能 潜力评价 建筑物尺度 三维建模 树木 阴影 

分 类 号：P964[天文地球—自然地理学] P237