煤工尘肺患者生存质量调查及其影响因素  

Investigation on the quality of life of coal-worker's pneumoconiosis patients and its influencing factors

作　　者：张美荣[1] 鞠强[1] 陆文春[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州医学院公共卫生学院,江苏省徐州市221004

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第13期1767-1770,1775,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学基金项目(项目编号:2012SJB190016);江苏省高校大学生创新项目(项目编号:2012JSSPITP1828)

摘　　要：目的了解煤工尘肺患者生存质量现状,为提高煤工尘肺患者生存质量提供理论依据。方法应用WHO生存质量评估简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)和自行设计的尘肺调查表,采用面对面调查方式收集数据,用EpiDate 3.1软件建立数据库,用SPSS 18.0软件对调查结果进行统计分析。结果①煤工尘肺患者自身生存质量及自身健康状况主观感受较差,患者在生理、心理、社会关系和环境4个领域得分明显低于国内常模(P<0.01);t检验和方差分析显示,年龄、尘肺期别、文化程度、住房满意度、自理能力、受尊敬程度、焦虑、抑郁心理从不同领域影响煤工尘肺患者的生存质量。②Spearman相关分析显示:年龄、尘肺期别、焦虑、抑郁心理与生存质量的不同领域呈负相关,文化程度、住房满意度、自理能力、受尊敬程度、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持和社会支持与生存质量的不同领域呈正相关;③多元线性回归分析结果表明,自理能力、住房满意度、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持是煤工尘肺患者生存质量的主要影响因素。结论煤工尘肺患者生存质量较差,影响因素较多,不仅需要用治疗的手段缓解身体的疾病,也要加强家庭支持和社会支持的力度,促进患者以积极乐观的心态面对疾病,提高其生存质量。[ Objective ] To understand the status of life quality of patients with coal-workerg pneumoconiosis （ CWP）, provide theory basis for improving the life quality of patients with CWP. [ Methods ] The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF （ WHOQOL-BREF）, self rating anxiety scale （ SAS）, self rating depression scale （ SDS ）, perceived social support scale （PSSS） and the serf-designed pneumoeoniosis questionnaires were used to collect data with face-to-face questionnaire survey. The database was established by software Epidate3.1, and the data were statistically analyzed by software SPSS 18. O. [ Results] ①The subjective feelings of the CWP patients about survival quality and health status were poor. The scores of CWP patients in the four areas ineluding physiology, psychology, social relations and environment were significantly lower than the national norm （ P 〈0.01 ）. The age, pneumoconiosis period, education level, housing satisfaction, self-care ability, respected degree, anxiety and depression affected the quality of life of CWP patients in different areas significantly by test and analysis of variance. ②The significant negative correlation was found between age, pneumoconiosis period, anxiety, depression and quality of life in different areas, and the significant positive correlation was found between education level, housing satisfaction, self-care ability, respected degree, family support, friend support, other support, social support and quality of life in different areas by spearman correlation analysis. ③ Multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-care ability, housing satisfaction, anxiety, depression and social support were the main influencing factors of quality of life in patients with CWP. [ Conclusion] The quality of life of patients with CWP is poor, and is affected by many factors. It is needed to alleviate the disease by the means of treatment, Furthermore, the family support and social support should be increased to assure the patients to face t

关 键 词：煤工尘肺 生存质量 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]