公共品的生产和分配:两种不同的行政逻辑——兼论民主行政的适用性  

The Production and Distribution of Public Goods:Two Different Administrative Logics

作　　者：陈国权[1] 于洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2014年第4期126-133,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目(14YJA810000)

摘　　要：公共品生产追求效率,需要将生产管理的权力向管理精英集中,保障公共品生产管理的科学性;公共品分配追求公正,需要通过民主分权和民主程序保障多数人的权利。我国地方政府管理的集权化趋势与我国地方政府作为土地资源的经营者有关,地方政府为实现公共品生产效率的最大化而逐渐走向企业式集权化管理,这有助于提升政府在公共品生产管理中的决策效率和协调效率。地方政府之间的竞争则成为促成集权化管理的外部推动力量。基于公共品"生产—分配"的分析框架,对地方政府公共品的供给行为进行系统分析后发现,政府管理集权化在公共品生产为主要矛盾的历史时期有其必然性。Democratic administration as a governmental administration ideal has not been developed in Chinese local governments＇ management since the Reform and Opening-up, while centralization and patriarchy are widely used by local governments. This study is based on the two-element analysis framework of public goods production and distribution, and points out that the public goods production emphasizes efficiency, therefore the authority of production management is supposed to be centralized in administrative elites, thus to ensure the scientificalness of public goods production management. Decision-making, especially the primary decision-making, is the critical part of public goods production management. Scientific decision-making is guaranteed by the elite management mode, and excludes nonprofessionals＇ participation. The timeliness of decision-making requires that the decision is not only scientific but also made and implemented in a limited time to achieve its effect. In the fierce competition, decision-making system is inevitably experts-centralization oriented, so as to prevent low organizational efficiency caused by lacking consensus. The path of elites centralization management to improve the efficiency of decision-making is the implementation of professional advantage through the authority, while the way of elites centralization management to improve coordination efficiency is the stabilization of procedures and operations through authority, thereby saving internal transaction costs. Because of the information integrity advantage of top leaders in the centralization organizations, the coordination difficulty and the efficiency loss caused by information asymmetry among departments can be minimized. In the distribution of public goods, the top principle is fairness and justice principle. Therefore, the government should follow the logic different from that of the public goods production management and adhere to fair and just distribution. The principle includes two aspects, fairness and justice. Fairness is

关 键 词：公共品生产 公共品分配 效率 民主行政 科学行政 集权化 政府管理 行政逻辑 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]