印(尼)马对抗时期美英的外交矛盾与协调  

US and UK Foreign Policies Coordination during the Period of Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation

作　　者：张小欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学华侨华人研究院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《南洋问题研究》2014年第2期46-55,共10页Southeast Asian Affairs

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"冷战视野下的区域发展--印(尼)马对抗与东盟建立(1963-1967)"(12BSS034)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：印(尼)马对抗问题背后所体现的美国冷战政策与英国非殖民化政策,是影响战后东南亚政治发展的两大要因。美国为防止印尼倒向共产主义阵营,防止印支问题复杂化,极力回避美英特殊关系及《澳新美安全条约》所要求的军事援助义务,力主对苏加诺奉行和缓政策。而英国为维持既得利益,防止澳新偏离英联邦外交轨道,一方面通过《英马防务与互助协定》、《澳新马防务协定》加强对印尼军事防御,另一方面则力图联合美国共同承担战争责任,压制苏加诺接受马来西亚联邦。为此,美英两国在对印尼政策上不断采取外交协调,但在印尼九·三○事件发生前美英关系中的矛盾性始终无法调和,为此美国又联合日本共同实施对印尼援助政策,由此逐步降低英国在东南亚政治发展中的影响力。印(尼)马对抗时期美英的外交矛盾与协调在一定程度上反映出亚洲冷战发展中大国政治关系的分化与重组。In 1963, Indonesia launched military confrontation against Malaysia to curb the formation of Malaysia Federation initiated by UK, and as a result a number of big powers were involved. In order to prevent Indonesia from joining the communist camp and avoid the ANZUS constraints, the Johnson Administration decided to continue its aid policy towards Indonesia while appealing to resolve the confrontation by Asian countries concerned. UK, Australia and New Zealand, nevertheless, strongly promoted the formation of Malaysia as a new country, and opposed Indonesia＇ s confrontation policy, aiming at maintaining the stability of Southwest Pacific. Japan on the other hand put up with the coordination plan in the hope to restore the regional peace and market stability. US foreign policies of cold war and UK decolonization policies were the two important factors in the Southeast Asian political development after World War II. Respective character and in- terest orientation about the two factors were very different, so US and UK Foreign Policies for Indonesia were always in the state of coordination during the period of Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation. Difference and common points of US cold war and UK decolonization foreign Policies for Indonesia reflected the nature of Asian cold war, and Japan with the support of US played a more and more important role in Southeast Asia.

关 键 词：印(尼)马对抗 美国 英国 冷战 非殖民化 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]