才女为何?——明清江南社会对“才女”群体的社会认知与秩序生产  

What is A Talented Woman?Social Recognition of “Talented Women” in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学人文与社会科学学院 [2]复旦大学新闻学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2014年第4期62-80,6-7,共19页Open Times

基　　金：2010年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目青年基金:"‘陌生人’的社会学研究:基于不确定性的视角"(编号:10YJC840087)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：明清才女群体在江南地域社会兴盛一时。何以地域社会对才女群体的异质性予以容忍与包容?本研究从社会认知的角度指出,作为新的社会范畴,"才女"呈现出了与"女子"不同的范畴内容,个体性才华成为其重要内容,才女成为在认知上难以确定的陌生人,这给家庭空间和地域社会的秩序生产带来了威胁。围绕着"才女"的范畴定义过程,德、才色都在争夺"才女"范畴的代表项,才女群体与地域社会的权力争夺在微观层面的认知范畴中展开。最终,"才女"成为"才德色兼备"的"女子","才"成为"才女"与"女子"的主要群体边界,而"德"成为"才女"与"青楼"的主要群体边界。在"才女"范畴确定的过程中,才女被要求安于家庭空间秩序,而地域社会对才女的认知和相应的规训也体现出有别于其他"女子"弹性的一面,"才女"对家庭空间和地域社会的威胁被消解,她们不再是认知意义上难以确定的陌生人,而成为"女子"的亚类型:才女,成为可以被认知、分类和预测其行动的社会成员。Talented women groups flourished in the native society on Yangtze River Delta in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Why were these exotic groups tolerated by local society? This study shows that,from the perspective of social cognition,'talented women'as a new social category differs from'women'in an important sense:talent. These women were strangers in the eyes of the public and posed a threat to family dynamic and social order. In the process of defining'talented women',virtue,talent and beauty were in contention as to which should come first. The talented women groups and local society were locked in the struggle for social recognition. Finally,the'talented women'came to be defined as'virtuous,talented and beautiful'. It was talent that distinguished a'talented woman'from an average woman. Although equally beautiful,a talented woman differed from a prostitute in terms of virtue. The talented women were required to comply with family order. On the other hand,local society seemed to have given them more liberty than average women. Their threat to both family and social orders were thought to be averted,and,instead of being viewed as strangers,they were now given membership in society.

关 键 词：才女 江南地域社会 明清 社会认知 群体边界 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]